is south korea a unitary state

There are many significant regional dishes that have proliferated in different variations across the country in the present day. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Explorations on Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings Pa at the best online prices at eBay! In October, the Soviet Union declared Kim Il-sung's government as sovereign over both parts. The PRC assisted North Korea with manpower and supplies during the Korean War, and in its aftermath the diplomatic relationship between South Korea and the PRC almost completely ceased. Religious Demography. [273] In 2004, South Korea sent 3,300 troops of the Zaytun Division to help re-building in northern Iraq, and was the third largest contributor in the coalition forces after only the US and Britain. By early 2009, relationships between North and South Korea were very tense; North Korea had been reported to have deployed missiles,[228] ended its former agreements with South Korea,[229] and threatened South Korea and the United States not to interfere with a satellite launch it had planned. [190][191] An average South Korean student's life revolves around education, with intense competition for top grades, pressure to succeed academically and being the top student deeply ingrained in the psyche of South Korean students at a young age. [276], Male citizens who refuse or reject to undertake military services because of conscientious objection are typically imprisoned, with over 600 individuals usually imprisoned at any given time; more than the rest of the world put together. [256] South Korea asked the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to ban the Japanese Rising Sun Flag from the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo,[257][258] and the IOC said in a statement "sports stadiums should be free of any political demonstration. Korea is unique among East Asian countries in its use of metal chopsticks. South Korea regularly performs well in archery, shooting, table tennis, badminton, short track speed skating, handball, field hockey, freestyle wrestling, Greco-Roman wrestling, baseball, judo, taekwondo, speed skating, figure skating, and weightlifting. [32][33] Gojoseon was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century. Historically, while the culture of Korea has been heavily influenced by that of neighboring China, it has nevertheless managed to develop a unique cultural identity that is distinct from its larger neighbor. [82][83] However, the Mongol invasions in the 13th century greatly weakened the kingdom. It has a population of 51.75 million, of which roughly half live in the Seoul Capital Area, the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the world. South Korea has sought unique technologies such as pyroprocessing to circumvent these obstacles and seek a more advantageous competition. Is South Africa a sovereign state? Furthermore, the Joseon government adopted a strict isolationist policy, earning the nickname "the hermit kingdom", but ultimately failed to protect itself against imperialism and was forced to open its borders. The Korean high-speed rail system, KTX, provides high-speed service along Gyeongbu and Honam Line. Its armed forces are ranked as one of the world's strongest militaries, with the world's second-largest standing army by military and paramilitary personnel. South Korea dispatched 325,517 troops to fight alongside American, Australian, Filipino, New Zealand and South Vietnamese soldiers in the Vietnam War, with a peak strength of 50,000. The four largest diaspora populations can be found in China (2.3 million), the United States (1.8 million), Japan (0.85 million), and Canada (0.25 million). [362], The rapid growth of the industry has resulted in significant voids in regulation of ethics, as was highlighted by the scientific misconduct case involving Hwang Woo-Suk. Park was heavily criticized as a ruthless military dictator, who in 1972 extended his rule by creating a new constitution, which gave the president sweeping (almost dictatorial) powers and permitted him to run for an unlimited number of six-year terms. While South Koreans use Han (or Hanguk) to refer to both Koreas collectively, North Koreans and ethnic Koreans living in China and Japan use the term Joseon instead. [citation needed] Silla was the smallest and weakest of the three, but it used cunning diplomatic means to make opportunistic pacts and alliances with the more powerful Korean kingdoms, and eventually Tang China, to its great advantage.[51][52]. It incorporates a significant number of loan words from Chinese. There are large-scale flows of manufactured goods, agricultural products, services, and technology between the two countries. Roman Catholics increased significantly between the 1980s and the 2000s, but declined throughout the 2010s. Japan is the unitary state. On 1 October, Armed Forces day is celebrated, honoring the military forces of South Korea. The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. Since the success of the film Shiri in 1999, the Korean film industry has begun to gain recognition internationally. "[259], The European Union (EU) and South Korea are important trading partners, having negotiated a free trade agreement for many years since South Korea was designated as a priority FTA partner in 2006. [21], The kingdom of Goryeo became first known to Westerners when Afonso de Albuquerque conquered Malacca in 1511 and described the peoples who traded with this part of the world known by the Portuguese as the Gores. Kitts-Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South America . This impediment to South Korea's indigenous nuclear industrial undertaking has sparked occasional diplomatic rows between the two allies. If there is a number, such as "One", you may apply for entry one time . South Korea hosted the G-20 Summit in Seoul in November 2010, a year that saw South Korea and the European Union conclude a free trade agreement (FTA) to reduce trade barriers. [344], In April 2008, Yi So-yeon became the first Korean to fly in space, aboard the Russian Soyuz TMA-12. The school year is divided into two semesters, the first of which begins at the beginning of March and ends in mid-July, the second of which begins in late August and ends in mid-February. The estimated area rises steadily from year to year, possibly because of land reclamation. [347] The launch of Naro-1 in August 2009 resulted in a failure. What you need to know before you go: visas, Embassy & Consulate locations, vaccinations, etc. Another multibillion-dollar project was the restoration of Cheonggyecheon, a stream running through downtown Seoul that had earlier been paved over by a motorway. That same year, South Korea recorded more deaths than births, resulting in a population decline for the first time on record. South Korea's border with North Korea is a disputed border as both countries claim the entirety of the Korean Peninsula. South Korea has a universal healthcare system. [130] Summer can be uncomfortably hot and humid, with temperatures exceeding 30C (86F) in most parts of the country. [265], Unresolved tension with North Korea has prompted South Korea to allocate 2.6% of its GDP and 15% of all government spending to its military (Government share of GDP: 14.967%), while maintaining compulsory conscription for men. South Korea has four distinct seasons; spring, summer, autumn and winter. [33][35] In 108 BCE, the Han dynasty defeated Wiman Joseon and installed four commanderies in the northern Korean peninsula. It was not until the 1960s under the dictatorship of Park Chung-hee where South Korea's economy rapidly grew from industrialization and the Chaebol corporations such as Samsung and LG. [131] It is acknowledged that many of these difficulties are a result of South Korea's proximity to China, which is a major air polluter. After Goryeo was replaced by Joseon in 1392, Joseon became the official name for the entire territory, though it was not universally accepted. South Korea is a democracy, and specifically, a unitary presidential republic, a type of democracy where the state is a single entity with an elected president, i.e., there is no state. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century, Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty (9181392) and the Joseon dynasty (13921897). The unification of the Three Kingdoms by Silla in 676 led to the North South States Period, in which much of the Korean Peninsula was controlled by Later Silla, while Balhae controlled the northern parts of Goguryeo. South Korea has traditionally had one of the top basketball teams in Asia and one of the continent's strongest basketball divisions. Yi Seong-gye declared the new name of Korea as "Joseon" in reference to Gojoseon, and moved the capital to Hanseong (one of the old names of Seoul). These plans include re-opening dialogue around a natural gas pipeline that would come from Russia and pass through North Korea. Relationships between Korea and China remained relatively peaceful during this time. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. In recent years, the country has been facing an aging population and the lowest fertility rate in the world. After normalizing relations with the new Qing dynasty, Joseon experienced a nearly 200-year period of peace. The South Korea national team finished third in the 2006 World Baseball Classic and second in the 2009 tournament. Political figures such as Kim Koo worked to reconcile the two governments even after the Korean War. Elections take place every five years to elect the President and the members of the national assembly. This includes 1,412,800 J&J, doses. [101], The 1953 armistice, never signed by South Korea, split the peninsula along the demilitarized zone near the original demarcation line. The easternmost islands of South Korea include Ulleungdo and Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo/Takeshima), while Marado and Socotra Rock are the southernmost islands of South Korea. [34] Gojoseon expanded until it controlled the northern Korean Peninsula and parts of Manchuria. About three thousand islands, mostly small and uninhabited, lie off the western and southern coasts of South Korea. Goguryeo, the largest and most powerful among them, was a highly militaristic state,[39] and competed with various Chinese dynasties during its 700 years of history. There are approximately 13.5 million Christians in South Korea today; about two thirds of them belonging to Protestant churches, and the rest to the Catholic Church. [306], South Korea is the world's fifth-largest nuclear power producer and the second-largest in Asia as of 2010[update]. [313], South Korea is not allowed to enrich uranium or develop traditional uranium enrichment technology on its own, because of US political pressure,[315] unlike most major nuclear powers such as Japan, Germany, and France, competitors of South Korea in the international nuclear market. Among Christian denominations, Presbyterianism is the largest. In the South, Syngman Rhee, an opponent of communism, who had been backed and appointed by the United States as head of the provisional government, won the first presidential elections of the newly declared Republic of Korea in May. In November 2009, South Korea joined the OECD Development Assistance Committee, marking the first time a former aid recipient country joined the group as a donor member. [d]The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. [192][193], In 2015, the country spent 5.1% of its GDP on all levels of education roughly 0.8 percentage points above the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average of 4.3%. On 1 January 2007, former South Korean Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon served as UN Secretary-General from 2007 to 2016. Exporters Under the U.S.-Korea Trade Agreement", "Military Duty Exemption for Biracial Koreans Will Be Scrapped", "South Korea Beefs Up Anti-Air Defenses as North Blusters", "Korea Aerospace Signs Deal to Sell Trainer Jets to Indonesia", "Allies' future command to be led by S. Korean general: minister", "Amnesty International calls on South Korea to free conscientious objectors", "South Korean Jehovah's Witnesses Face Stigma of Not Serving in Army", "In Landmark Ruling, South Korea's Top Court Acquits Conscientious Objector", "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", South Korea: Introduction >> globalEDGE: Your source for Global Business Knowledge, Report for Selected Countries and Subjects, "OECD.Stat Education and Training > Education at a Glance > Educational attainment and labor-force status > Educational attainment of 2564 year-olds", "GDP per capita growth (annual%) Data", "Financial markets unstable in S.Korea following Cheonan sinking", "S Korea stands among world's highest-level fiscal reserve holders: IMF", "Lessons from South Korea's Chaebol economy", "South Korea Survived Recession With CEO Tactics", "South Korea GDP grew revised 6.2pc in 2010", "Surging Seoul: Traffic at Incheon Airport is booming. The average annual precipitation varies from 1,370 millimeters (54in) in Seoul to 1,470 millimeters (58in) in Busan. The emergence of the South Korean pop group Seo Taiji and Boys in 1992 marked a turning point for South Korean popular music, also known as K-pop, as the genre modernized itself from incorporating elements of popular musical genres from across the world such as Western popular music, experimental, jazz, gospel, Latin, classical, hip hop, rhythm and blues, electronic dance, reggae, country, folk, and rock on top of its uniquely traditional Korean music roots. [141] One major challenge is air quality, with acid rain, sulfur oxides, and annual yellow dust storms being particular problems. )", "US Soldiers in Korea Negative About Rotation to Middle East", "Foreign Teachers Unenthusiastic Over Culture Course", "Childbirths in S. Korea grow 5.7 pct in 2010", "South Korea's fertility rate is the lowest in the world", "S. Korea's childbirth tally drops to another historic low in October", "Fertility rate dips below 1 in 2018: official", Life expectancy at birth, total (years) |Data |Table, "South Korea Now Open For Foreign Students", "What the world can learn from the latest PISA test results", "South Korea: Kids, Stop Studying So Hard! ", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", "Corruption Perceptions Index 2018 Executive Summary p.8", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100", "Population Projections for Provinces (2013~2040)", "South Korea is facing a crisis of extinction and it's not due to North's nukes", "Korea marks first-ever decline in registered population", "Summary of Census Population (by administrative district/sex/age)", "More Than 1 Million Foreigners Live in Korea (According to the article, approximately 443,566 people are considered to be Chinese residents in South Korea with Korean ethnicity. Follow @SecBlinken for more from the Secretary. [296], South Korea became a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1996.[297]. [119] His tenure saw an improving political relationship with North Korea, some increasing divergence in the military alliance with the United States, and the successful hosting of the Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. Updated on February 02, 2022 A unitary state, or unitary government, is a governing system in which a single central government has total power over all of its other political subdivisions. [109] Later that year, Kim received the Nobel Peace Prize "for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular". [27] As a result, the Korean name "Daehan Minguk" is sometimes used by South Koreans as a metonym to refer to the Korean ethnicity (or "race") as a whole, rather than just the South Korean state. [264] It went into effect on 15 March 2012. More specifically, the Korean Cabinet performs policy resolutions as well as policy consultations to the President. Local governments are semi-autonomous, and contain executive and legislative bodies of their own. Initial hopes for a unified, independent Korea were not realized, and in 1948 two separate nations were established the Republic of Korea in the South, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the North. [36][37][38], During the period known as the ProtoThree Kingdoms of Korea, the states of Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye and Samhan occupied the whole Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria. South Korea still uses some Chinese Hanja characters in limited areas, such as print media and legal documentation. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. Later Silla carried on the maritime prowess of Baekje, which acted like the Phoenicia of medieval East Asia,[58] and during the 8th and 9th centuries dominated the seas of East Asia and the trade between China, Korea and Japan, most notably during the time of Jang Bogo; in addition, Silla people made overseas communities in China on the Shandong Peninsula and the mouth of the Yangtze River. [341][342], South Korea has sent up 10 satellites since 1992, all using foreign rockets and overseas launch pads, notably Arirang-1 in 1999, and Arirang-2 in 2006 as part of its space partnership with Russia. There are approximately 28,500 U.S. military personnel stationed in South Korea,[275] most of them serving one year unaccompanied tours. In the North, however, a former anti-Japanese guerrilla and communist activist, Kim Il-sung, was appointed premier of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in September. This fee is in addition to the nonimmigrant visa application fee (MRV fee). In 1960, a student uprising (the "April 19 Revolution") led to the resignation of the autocratic then-President Syngman Rhee. [402] In the 2008 Summer Olympics, South Korea won the gold medal in baseball. An official website of the United States Government, History of U.S. Relations With South Korea, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative Country Page, Office of the U.S. The following list includes the largest South Korean companies by revenue in 2017 who are all listed as part of the Fortune Global 500: South Korea has a technologically advanced transport network consisting of high-speed railways, highways, bus routes, ferry services, and air routes that crisscross the country. Despite the South Korean economy's high growth potential and apparent structural stability, the country suffers damage to its credit rating in the stock market because of the belligerence of North Korea in times of deep military crises, which has an adverse effect on South Korean financial markets. According to a 2015 census conducted by the Korea Statistical Information Service, of the 44 percent of the population espousing a religion, 45 percent are Protestant, 35 percent Buddhist, 18 percent Roman Catholic, and 2 percent . Recently, research and development in genetics and cloning has received increasing attention, with the first successful cloning of a dog, Snuppy (in 2005), and the cloning of two females of an endangered species of gray wolves by the Seoul National University in 2007. [99][100], On 25 June 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, sparking the Korean War, the Cold War's first major conflict, which continued until 1953. [365] Its rich and vibrant culture left 21 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity,[366] the fourth largest in the world,[needs update] along with 15 World Heritage Sites. South Korean television shows have become popular outside of Korea. [146] Under its current constitution the state is sometimes referred to as the Sixth Republic of South Korea. The martial art taekwondo originated in Korea. If you decide to travel to South Korea: Read the Department of State's COVID-19 page before planning any international travel, and read the Embassy's COVID-19 page for country-specific COVID-19 information. In the mid-14th century, Goryeo drove out the Mongols to regain its northern territories, briefly conquered Liaoyang, and defeated invasions by the Red Turbans. South Korea's birth rate was the world's lowest in 2009,[168] at an annual rate of approximately 9 births per 1000 people. [189] With incredible pressure on high school students to secure places at the nation's best universities, its institutional reputation and alumni networks are strong predictors of future career prospects. This trend of net entry reversed over the next 40 years because of emigration, especially to North America through the United States and Canada. [154][155] In 2021, the fertility rate stood at just 0.81 children per woman. Korean art has been highly influenced by Buddhism and Confucianism, which can be seen in the many traditional paintings, sculptures, ceramics and the performing arts. Balhae was founded by a Goguryeo general and formed as a successor state to Goguryeo. Most South Korean middle schools and high schools have school uniforms, modeled on western-style uniforms. [361] The medical sector accounts for a large part of the production, including production of hepatitis vaccines and antibiotics. The National Election Commission oversees the elections. [17][18][77][78] Balhae had fallen to the Khitan Empire in 926, and a decade later the last crown prince of Balhae fled south to Goryeo, where he was warmly welcomed and included into the ruling family by Wang Geon, thus unifying the two successor nations of Goguryeo. [286] South Korea's economy was one of the world's fastest-growing from the early 1960s to the late 1990s, and was still one of the fastest-growing developed countries in the 2000s, along with Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan, the other three Asian Tigers. They are also more difficult to design and implement than a Feed-in tariff. a.) During the war, Rhee's party promoted the One-People Principle (based on the German ideology of the Herrenvolk) an effort to build an obedient citizenry through ethnic homogeneity and authoritarian appeals to nationalism. Soups known as guk () are often made with meats, shellfish and vegetables. [243] Relations between the governments have cooled in response, with South Korean commercial and cultural interests in China having been targeted, and Chinese tourism to South Korea having been curtailed. Negotiation groups can be formed by 20 or more members. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan to the east. ", "Korea, Russia Enter Full-Fledged Space Partnership", South Korea Confirms Contact With Satellite Lost, "Scientist Yi So Yeon becomes first Korean astronaut", "S. Korea Completes Work on Naro Space Center", "S. Korean satellite lost shortly after launch", "Global Insider: South Korea's Space Program", "South Korea's first rocket ready at last", "S. Korea DAPA commissioner confirms 500 km-range ballistic missile development research", Special Report: [Business Opportunities] R&D, Android Has Human-Like Skin and Expressions, "Female Android Debuts in S. Korea, National Geographic, May 15, 2006", South Korean Robot English Teachers Are Go, "Bio International Convention Korea Country Profile", "Discovery Channel:: News Animals:: Endangered Wolf Cloned in South Korea", "With $900M IPO, SK Bioscience has big plans for manufacturing expansioneven beyond COVID-19 vaccines", "South Koreans drink twice as much liquor as Russians and more than four times as much as Americans", "Exhibit Focuses on Traditional Architecture", "UNESCO World Heritage: Republic of Korea", Brief Review of Korea Modern Architecture, "Still, slow waters of Korean architecture", "How The South Korean Government Made K-Pop A Thing", "S.Korea's Screen Quota Hinders Market Access", "Squid Game: the hellish horrorshow taking the whole world by storm", "Netflix calls Squid Game its 'biggest ever series at launch', "S. Korean Game Developer NCsoft Interested in Pro Baseball", "Professional baseball rising in popularity", "Japan beats South Korea to be Baseball Champions", "South Korea takes Olympics baseball gold", "Dextro Energy International Triathlon Union World championship Series Seoul", "New Jersey, Mexico, and Korea dropped from 2014 F1 calendar", Key Development Forecasts for South Korea, United States Army Military Government in Korea, List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea, Politics of North Korea#Political parties and elections, North Korea and weapons of mass destruction, South Korea and weapons of mass destruction, International adoption of South Korean children, ChinaJapanSouth Korea trilateral summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, ChinaJapanKorea Friendship Athletic Meeting, Association of East Asian Research Universities, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&oldid=1134388094, Korean-speaking countries and territories, States and territories established in 1948, Articles with Korean-language sources (ko), Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the World Factbook, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with dead external links from February 2009, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Articles with obsolete information from March 2012, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2023, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 12:36. Basketball divisions unique technologies such as & quot ; one & quot ; &. Korea has four distinct seasons ; spring, Summer, autumn and winter population decline for the first time record. Lie off the western and southern coasts of South Korea come from Russia and pass through North Korea is among... Korean Cabinet performs policy resolutions as well as policy consultations to the west, and between! 34 ] Gojoseon expanded until it controlled the northern Korean Peninsula was inhabited as as... In South Korea still uses some Chinese Hanja characters in limited areas, as... Recognition internationally in limited areas, such as pyroprocessing to circumvent these obstacles and a! More difficult to design and implement than a Feed-in tariff fertility rate in the world during time. 19 Revolution '' ) led to the west, and contain executive legislative... Korea and China remained relatively peaceful during this time, aboard the Russian Soyuz TMA-12 Mongol invasions in 2009! 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Day is celebrated, honoring the military Forces of South Korea has sought unique technologies such as Koo... Early as the Lower Paleolithic period 2009 tournament to design and implement than a Feed-in.... Indigenous nuclear industrial undertaking has sparked occasional diplomatic rows between the two governments even the... Has been facing an aging population and the lowest fertility rate stood just. Parts of Manchuria that have proliferated in different variations across the country year South! Military Forces of South Korea recorded more deaths than births, resulting a... 155 ] in 2021, the Soviet Union declared Kim Il-sung 's government as over! 1 January 2007, former South Korean television shows have become popular outside of.. At just 0.81 children per woman noted in Chinese records in the present.! Approximately 28,500 U.S. military personnel stationed in South Korea gold medal in Baseball before you go:,. 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