u 852 wreck
As an Amazon Associate and eBay Partner, we may earn a commission when you click on these links and make a purchase. [3], The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 20.8 knots (38.5km/h; 23.9mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 6.9 knots (12.8km/h; 7.9mph). The U-853 was a type IXC/40 German submarine launched on March 11, 1943, and commissioned June 25 that same year. Image courtesy of Kraken Robotics. Early in the day on April 13, USS Roper set out from Norfolk, Virginia, heading south to Cape Hatteras for antisubmarine patrol. Standing atop the bridge of the U-boat, the crew of the U-852 meticulously hunted and machine gunned the survivors. The Black Point likewise serves as a war grave. Command of the U-85 was given to Oberleutnent zur See Eberhard Greger. Today, the U-352 is one of North Carolina's signature wreck sites. Kptlt. Aft of the conning tower there is visible battle damage from Roper's 3-inch deck gun. Mohr, age 26, was killed when U-124was sunk with all hands on 2 April 1943 west of Oporto, Portugal. Site Info, NOAA Ocean Exploration Nearby vessels and shore stations witnessed the attack and raised the alarm. The visibility and water temperature vary greatly depending upon the dynamic, shifting currents. Icarus left the area for approximately an hour to await instructions on how to proceed. Wolfgang Schwender, an enlisted engineer, who said he only shot at debris not survivors - until being replaced by the reluctant Lenz - received 15 years (but was paroled six years later, in 1951). The hearing was known as the Peleus Trial. The prosecutor was Colonel Halse of the Advocate Generals Office. You are using an out of date browser. 1361 et seq.) There are 3 type XXI boats buried in the Elbe II bunker in Hamburg. However, before reaching land the U-boat came under attack from six RAF bombers from 621 Squadron. Some of these tubes still have visible torpedoes inside. Read about one of the most interesting events of the U-boat of WWII when Heinz-Wilhelm Eck of U-852 ordered the wreck of the torpedoed merchant Peleus destroyed with machine-gun fire. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Eck, despite his mission, decided to attack the ship. The first divers to visit the wreck were deployed from the USS Penguin (ASR-12) in the hours immediately after the submarine sank. She was 55 feet in the beam and rated at 5,353 tons. Eck was to be the only U-boat commander found guilty of war crimes and executed after he ordered the machine gunning of survivors from the . U-654 was able to sink one vessel in this convoy, while Greger fired at least three torpedoes with no hits. Either way, as the Black Point came into range off Point Judith, Rhode Island, at 5:40 pm on May 5, Frmsdorf fired a torpedo that upon impact blew away about 40 feet of the merchant ships stern. By this time, the United States had entered the war and Germany quickly brought U-boats to the East Coast of the United States. The following day, Greger surfaced U-85 intending on conducting repairs and resuming his patrol. U-852 had a displacement of 1,610 tonnes (1,580 long tons) when at the surface and 1,799 tonnes (1,771 long tons) while submerged. As the crew of U-352 prepared to scuttle, several began emerging from the conning tower preparing to jump overboard. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. However, the wreck site is likely the U-boat most frequently dived by recreational divers. On this patrol, U-85 returned to American waters, specifically off the United States coast. The German sailors were later interred in Hampton Roads, Virginia. U-352 closed for an attack. The awesome memorial is a must see if you are in the Kiel area (perhaps visiting the U-995). This site was discovered in 1974 by Olympus owner and Captain, George Purifoy, and several friends. The Freden crew drifted in their lifeboats all night. Rathke spotted Icarus, a 165-foot USCG Cutter, on antisubmarine patrol off Cape Lookout. Today, the submarine lies on the ocean floor almost within sight of the former Newport Torpedo Station which helped develop and test the underwater technology used to destroy it. Scuba Diver Life The crew was captured and later tried for war crimes. Sections 101(a)(5)(A) and (D) of the MMPA (16 U.S.C. She was launched in November 1938 and commissioned in February 1939.. U-40 conducted two war patrols during her career. The depth charges killed the entire U-85 crew. At the end of February, the vessel retuned empty handed to St. Nazaire. Both of which were part of the 6th U-boat Flotilla.During her short time in the war, she sank no . Kapitnleutnant Hellmut Rathke took full command of U-352 on August 28, 1941. Two other officers of U-852, the 2WO and the doctor were also indicted and shot. Eight of the twelve boats were redirected to the Faroes Islands in Iceland and Scotland. There youll also find a 3D model of U-85, a photomosaic, a video, site plan, and dive slate. Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in May 1944, "Heinz-Wilhelm Eck: Siegerjustiz and the Peleus Affair", "Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 19411942", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-852&oldid=1147548307, World War II shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean, Military history of British Somaliland during World War II, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 20.8 knots (38.5km/h; 23.9mph) surfaced, 57nmi (106km; 66mi) at 4 knots (7.4km/h; 4.6mph) submerged, This page was last edited on 31 March 2023, at 17:36. A well-aimed 3-inch shell breached the pressure hull just aft of the conning tower. Apparently, bombers forced U-852 to beach on the coastline during a naval battle. This function has been disabled for WW2 Gravestone, The Bad Girls of Nazi Germany: Jenny Wanda, Becker, Elisabeth a Stutthof concentration. U-352 was part of Group Schlei and was ordered, along with twelve other U-boats, to converge on an area West of Rockall and to begin looking for convoys. The following day, Rathke came across Freden again. The crew of the Roper manned their machine guns and 3-inch deck guns, but as German sailors attempted to man their guns, they came under heavy fire from the Roper. She sank 38 ships totaling 217,751 tons, including 14. Diving U-85is the closest that many of us will come to experiencing what it was like during a World War II naval battle, says NOAA archaeologist Tane Casserley. The wreck lies on its starboard side with approximately an approximately 80-degree list. Short video about the wreck of the German U-boat, U-85 sunk off North Carolina during World War Two. The U-boat had been claimed to have been sunk by depth charge hedgehogs off the coast of Massachusetts on 7 April 1945 by USS Gustafson and was also thought to have been possibly sunk by USS Coffman. As a result, rather than rescuing the crew of the U-85, Roper rode right through the mass of sailors in the water and dropped an additional 11 depth charges to ensure that it was sunk. Just after midnight Roper was approaching the area of U-85 when they detected a weak radar contact. Contact Us On the morning of May 7, they happened to drift by the completely untouched Freden, reboarded and continued their journey. After stalking her until nightfall, the steamer was sunk with two torpedoes. Go to: Forum List Message List New Topic Search Log In Print View Re: U-852`s wreck As the German sailors attempted to exit the conning tower to man their guns, they came under heavy fire from Ropers crew. As Roper began to close in on U-85, the crew suspected that they were pursuing a submarine. U-852 was enroute to the Indian Ocean to join the Monsoon wolfpack operating there. Rathke fired at Icarus, but the torpedo either malfunctioned or hit the sea bottom. To view additional site plans click here. 650 Castro Street The information listed on this site is to be used as a reference and is only our opinion/suggestion. The remains of the World War II German submarine U-853 and the American merchant ship/collier, Black Point, lie in Rhode Island Sound, about 6.25 nautical miles apart. Rathke mistook this for the vessel running off full-speed and gave up chasing Freden. Just off coastal North Carolina, the remnants of many of these ships are scattered on the ocean floor. After minor repairs in St. Nazaire, U-352 headed for the U.S. East Coast on April 7, 1942. The submarine was equipped with four torpedo tubes in the bow and two in the stern. Joined later by the destroyer Ericsson (DD440), the American task force detected, attacked, and destroyed the U-853. Another man, the sub's machinist mate, had his leg severed and died later that night aboard Icarus. Those charged were Heinz Eck, age 29, August Hoffmann , Walter Weisspfennig , they were executed by a fire squad 30-11-1945. (Photo: Joe Hoyt, NOAA), Today, U-85 offers habitat to an abundance of marine life, including these oceanic triggerfish. Image showing the location of the main wreckage of the Black Point relative to a smaller section of the ship's stern, approximately 1,800 feet south. A mysterious lost WWII submarine, German U-boat U-455 is discovered off the coast of Italy at 120 meters deep. This month we visit the W.E. This is the place to discuss general issues related to the U-boat war or the war at sea in WWII. The presiding judge was Major A. Melford Stevenson. Unlike U-85 and U-701, U-352 rests south of Cape Hatteras, off Cape Lookout in more stable conditions and more inviting Gulf Stream water for the average diver. If you have any questions please contact us. The Allies came into possession of an Fa 330 in May 1944 when they captured the U-852 intact. Throughout the entire Second World War, the Kriegsmarine had only one U-boat commander convicted of war crimes. Of the U-boats off North Carolina's coast, U-352 had the least eventful operational career. The prosecutor was Colonel Halse of the Advocate General's Office.The presiding judge was Major A. Melford Stevenson. After completing his training in 1937 he spent five years on minesweepers, commanding one from 1939. On April 10, while off the New Jersey coast, U-85 found its first target, Swedish freighter Christina Knudsen. Launched on 10 April 1941, she was commissioned on 7 June and assigned to the 3rd U-boat Flotilla under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Eberhard Greger. JavaScript is disabled. Hand grenades were also hurled at the remaining lifeboats. Two weeks later the U-852 sank the British cargo ship Dahomian off Cape Town on 1 April. Mountain View Lieutenant Commander Maurice Jester aboard Icarus reacted appropriately. [5] The bodies were fingerprinted, photographed and buried in a night-time military ceremony at the Hampton National Cemetery. This site is visited on a Full Day Dive Trip. Although her commander, Charles E. Prior took a coastal route, not considering threats from German U-boats to be particularly severe. Over the course of the battle, eight Allied convoy vessels, 78 merchant freighters and tankers and four German U-boats sank off North Carolinas coast. Learn more about U-85 and other World War II shipwrecks off the North Carolina coast here. Her new owners renamed the ship the Black Point. Roper not only had the advantage of more surface artillery but were also able to reach their guns sooner. When Greger realized that U-85 was being tracked, he was in very shallow water; therefore, he evidently decided to try escaping on the surface. SAS imagery of the Black Point showing that the hull, including the bow, of the ship is largely intact and rests upside down on the seafloor. The U-853 participated in three patrols during the war. The defense presented that the LI had objected to the actions of his CO and the seaman was simply following orders. At the beginning of May 1945, the Black Point departed Newport News, Virginia, for Weymouth, Massachusetts, with her cargo holds full of coal. The U-boat Memorial at Mltenort. U-85 departed Trondheim in Norway on 28 August 1941 for her first patrol. Heinrich Himmlers mistress Hedwig Potthast. Here you can read about the 2 4-man saboteur teams inserted in USA during the summer of 1942, the automatic weather station erected in Labrador in 1943 and the 2 agents landed at Cape Cod in late 1944. Significance: U- 352 is significant to American military history, maritime history and historic archaeology as it was the first U-boat sunk by the United States Coast Guard off the American East Coast during World War II's Battle of the Atlantic. Despite frequent disturbance as a popular dive site, the wreck retains archaeological integrity and to this day remains an important and poignant war grave. On 30 April 1944, U-852 was spotted in the Indian Ocean by a Vickers Wellington bomber flying from Aden. Download image (jpg, 7.8 MB). Despite claiming they were "only following orders", the boat's second-in-command, August Hoffmann, and Walter Weisspfennig, the ship's doctor (who was condemned for using a weapon in contravention of the Geneva Convention) were also given the death penalty. To learn more about the proposal, click here. Fifty-eight were captured by the Somaliland Camel Corps and local militia. U-852 was enroute to the Indian Ocean to join the Monsoon wolf pack operating there. Jan. However, U-352 would not be reaching U.S. waters with the rest of Group Schlei. 2020 All Rights Reserved. By using this website we assume that you agree with this. Roper illuminated the U-boat with its searchlight and observed men on deck near the gun whose firing arc had just been cleared by the course change. He had lived to tell the story which had led to the indictment of the four U-boat officers and a seaman. Gross Tonnage: 761/865 tons (surfaced/submerged) Cargo: N/A, Built: 1940, Flensburger Schiffsbau-Ges, Flensburg, Schleswig-Holsein, Germany, Hull Number: 471 Port of Registry: Germany, Sunk By: USCGC Icarus Survivors: 33 of 48 survived (15 dead). For Lorenzo del Veneziano, an underwater marine archaeologist, it's an amazing. U-85 was operating within visual distance of Bodie Island Light at midnight on 13 April 1942 when the US destroyer USS Roper detected the submarine on British Type 286 radar at a range of 2,700 yards (2,500 m). They then returned to the site and collected 33 survivors, one of which died aboard the Icarus shortly thereafter. Significance: U-352 is significant to American military history, maritime history and historic archaeology as it was the first U-boat sunk by the United States Coast Guard off the American East Coast during World War II's Battle of the Atlantic. (Photo: Steve Sellers, ECU/NOAA), NOAA-UBOAT-143 NOAA diver tracks a sand tiger shark as it circles U-85. This month, well visit Monitor National Marine Sanctuary. One survivor managed to escape and was eventually rescued by allied ships. It is unclear whether the German U-boat commander received Donitzs order to cease attacks or whether he willfully ignored it. Their suspicions came true when the crew witnessed the track of a torpedo narrowly missing the Roper as it ran down the port side. She also carried a 4.1-inch deck gun and two anti-aircraft guns. The story of the incident really began on a summer day of March 13, 1944. One of the most successful Hunter-Killers of WWII. [13], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}3555N 7513W / 35.917N 75.217W / 35.917; -75.217. Abrams, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: U-352, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: the Tamaulipas, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: U-701, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: W.E. Greger's attack resulted in a devastating counterattack as the Canadian escorts HMCS Skeena and HMCS Alberni delivered a very accurate depth charge assault that Greger narrowly escaped. On 30 April 1944, U-852 was spotted in the Indian Ocean by a Vickers Wellington bomber flying from Aden. In an effort to honor the service and sacrifice of those lost during the Battle of the Atlantic, NOAA in 2019 will release a draft proposal to expand the boundaries of Monitor National Marine Sanctuary to include a nationally significant collection of shipwrecks that currently have little or no legal protection. U-85 took part in four wolfpacks, namely: U-85 was operating within visual distance of Bodie Island Light at midnight on 13 April 1942 when the US destroyer USSRoper detected the submarine on British Type 286 radar at a range of 2,700 yards (2,500m). In protest, his Leading Engineer questioned his commanders order but could do little to change the fate of the survivors. German submarine U-85 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. Greger sunk the ship and then proceeded directly to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. [4] After being left unable to dive due to damage from aerial depth charges, she headed for the coast of Somalia. Fearing that they may attempt to man their deck guns, Icarus began delivering heavy machine-gun fire, which resulted in the deaths of several crew aboard the U-boat. Roper then quickly left for fear of another boat in the area, but returned after daylight and recovered the bodies of 29 sailors. They spent several weeks at sea, which were largely uneventful. The crew was interned and sent to POW camps, after which they were charged when the war ended. The boat attempted to run south on the surface and fired its stern torpedo at Roper when the range closed to 700 yards (640m). Image courtesy of Kraken Robotics. Sprague of Boston. The forward torpedo loading hatch, battery hatch, and forward personnel hatch are all clearly visible, as is the conning tower, the aft gun mount, and several of the submarines compressed air flasks. [10] The Labrador current influences the site and visibility can be low. Heinz Eck had survivors and wreckage from the Greek steamer Peleus machine-gunned with the intention of erasing all traces of the sinking. Click above to view a dive slate for U-85. She was commanded by Kapitnleutnant Heinz-Wilhelm Eck, who led her through her sea trials and onto her first war patrol on 18January 1944. The survivors were taken to Charleston, South Carolina, as prisoners of war. During the journey, Eck torpedoed and sank the Greek tramp steamer, SS Peleus. . Today, visitors to the cemetery can see the graves and read the names of the sailors that were recovered. Download image (jpg, 377 KB). The deck gun of U-85 silently points towards the surface as if waiting on a target. Sie wurden am nchsten Tag von den Briten aufgenommen. On April 13, 1942, U- 85 was sitting in shallow water off Bodie Island lighthouse waiting for targets. Eck was to be the only U-boat commander found guilty of war crimes and executed after he ordered the machine gunning of survivors from the Greek ship Peleus. It may not display this or other websites correctly. The hearing was known as the Peleus Trial. The story of the incident really began on a summer day of March 13, 1944. The awesome memorial is a must see if you are in the Kiel area (perhaps visiting the U-995). Rouse, Parke, Jr., "Under the Cloak of Night", U.S. National Register of Historic Places, "2008 Battle of the Atlantic Survey Methodology", "Home Found for "Enigmatic" WW II U-boat Relic", U-85 Memorial Page with Crew members' birth dates and places, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-85_(1941)&oldid=1119483562, World War II Shipwrecks along the East Coast and Gulf of Mexico MPS, 2,8003,200PS (2,1002,400kW; 2,8003,200bhp) (diesels), 90nmi (170km; 100mi) at 4 knots (7.4km/h; 4.6mph) submerged, Schlagetot (20 October 1 November 1941), This page was last edited on 1 November 2022, at 20:56. On April 13, 1942, U-85 was sitting in shallow water off Bodie Island lighthouse waiting for targets. Data Collected on Site: Still and video photography; site plan; high and low resolutions multibeams; 3-D video, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Between their arrival in US territorial waters on December 27, 1941, and February 6th, 1942, the drumbeaters sank 25 ships. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. We were pretty sure before, but we had some members go to the National Archives in the UK to find . Roper then dropped a pattern of 11 depth charges where U-85 had disappeared beneath the surface. Additionally, the Leading Engineer and a seaman were complicated in the incident. Hey all, I posted a while ago about an online project attempting to find the wreck of U-852 off the coast of Somalia here: Dropping in to mention that we've found it! KL Heinz Wilhelm Eck, pleaded operational justification during the trial. Greger sunk the ship and then proceeded directly to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. National marine sanctuaries protect some of the most spectacular ocean and Great Lakes resources in the United States, including shipwrecks like the Dixie Arrow. On 13 March while crossing the latitude of Freetown in the Atlantic Ocean, the U-boat spotted the lone Greek steamer Peleus. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. Jester began dropping depth charges systematically and eventually forced Rathke to surface. Ropers crew manned their machine guns and 3-inch deck guns. However, the British tribunal rejected his plea of operational necessity and sentenced him to death. This month we visit the U-352. Nachdem man erkannt hatte, dass U 852 mit Bordmitteln nicht zu reparieren war, befahl Eck, das Boot aufzugeben und zu zerstren. U-85 Type VIIB U-boat by NOAA's Monitor National Marine Sanctuary on Sketchfab. The U-853 was a type IXC/40 German submarine launched on March 11, 1943, and commissioned June 25 that same year. German submarine U-40 was a Type IXA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II.. U-40 was built in Bremen by DeSchiMAG AG Weser as yard number 945. By May 5, 1945, Adolph Hitler had committed suicide in his bunker in Berlin and Grand Admiral Karl Donitz was helping negotiate the terms of the Nazi surrender. [1] When submerged, the boat could operate for 90 nautical miles (170km; 100mi) at 4 knots (7.4km/h; 4.6mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,700 nautical miles (16,100km; 10,000mi) at 10 knots (19km/h; 12mph). Shortly after midnight, Roper approached the area where U-85 sat and detected a weak radar contact. The crew of the Roper did not suspect much at first, but pursued the contact. Report an Error, Site Index The site is heavily encrusted with coralline algae and supports an array of cnidarians, such as sea anemones and corals. The text is below: As U-852 broke the surface, her gun crews swarmed out and manned the anti-aircraft guns. The visibility and water temperature vary widely depending on the dynamic, shifting currents. One survivor managed to escape and was eventually rescued by allied ships. Earlier that day the four-stack destroyer USS Roper set out from Norfolk on its way to Cape Hatteras for antisubmarine patrol. comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment . In early 1944, the Kriegsmarine dispatched U-852 on a top-secret mission to disrupt the Allies' Far East war effort by attacking sea lanes in the Indian Ocean. (Photo: Brett Seymour, NPS/NOAA), A sand tiger shark swims around the wreck of U-85. U-852 Update. USS Fairmont, later renamed Black Point, in harbor on a winter day, circa 1918-1919. We visit this site on average 2-3 times per week, so come check it out and become a part of history with us! To view additional site plans click here. As it turned out, not all the survivors were killed. This very interesting page explains the controversial order of 1 May, 1943 to stay up and fight the aircraft attacking the U-boats. It was laid down in Bremen and completed in June 1943. Website owner: Office of National Marine Sanctuaries | National Ocean Service | NOAA | Department of Commerce. This mission was recalled shortly after its deployment due to the offensive building up off the U.S East Coast. Shown here is the wreck of the Type IXD 2 submarine U-852 off the coast of British Somaliland (Somalia) in May 1944 after being scuttled by her skipper Kapitanleutnant Heinz Eck. Gross Tonnage: 753/857 tons (surfaced/submerged) Cargo: N/A, Built: 1939, Flender Werke AG, Lbeck, Schlewsig-Holstein, Germany, Hull Number: 281 Port of Registry: Germany, Sunk By: USS Roper Survivors: 0 of 46 (46 dead), Data Collected on Site: Still and video photography; photomosaics; site plan; high resolution multibeam; photogrammetric model; listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The visibility and water temperature vary widely depending on the dynamic, shifting currents. Privacy Policy The U-352 was a German submarine that was used during the notorious U-boat attacks in WWII along the NC Coast. Sitting in very shallow water and knowing they were being tracked, the crew of U-85 decided to try to escape on the surface, hoping that their increased speed would get the U-boat into deeper water before Roper could attack. Two in the Graveyard of the Atlantic Ocean, the U-352 was type... 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Charged when the war ended able to sink one vessel in this convoy, while off the U.S coast... The notorious U-boat attacks in WWII along the NC coast Eck, who led her through her sea and. Sea, which were largely uneventful visit this site is to be as. View a dive slate for U-85 was a type IXC/40 German submarine launched on March 11, to. War grave his plea of operational necessity and sentenced him to death ships the... The United States short video about the wreck of the Advocate Generals Office Monsoon wolfpack there. Where U-85 sat and detected a weak radar contact we had some members go to the Indian Ocean join. The sailors that were recovered gun of U-85 of history with Us running. A target to drift by the Somaliland Camel Corps and local militia of February, the Leading Engineer his! During a naval battle U-853 participated in three patrols during the trial and eBay Partner, we May a!
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