mughal empire dbq

Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. . Economic historian Indrajit Ray estimates shipbuilding output of Bengal during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries at 223,250tons annually, compared with 23,061tons produced in nineteen colonies in North America from 1769 to 1771. <>>> For some two hundred years, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus river basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau . [100], The Mughals were responsible for building an extensive road system, creating a uniform currency, and the unification of the country. Mughal dynasty, Mughal also spelled Mogul, Persian Mughl (Mongol), Muslim dynasty of Turkic-Mongol origin that ruled most of northern India from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. [124] In contrast, there was very little demand for European goods in Mughal India, which was largely self-sufficient, thus Europeans had very little to offer, except for some woolens, unprocessed metals and a few luxury items. Cause 1: military conquest destruction, Cause 2: colonization replace native populations governments, Cause 3: military + colonization + economic influence gradual political power, conclusion: 3 processes; when additional factors (disease in Americas) briskly replaced political structures; India more complex interplay of processes, [RELATED: AP World History: Modern Sample Long Essay Question ], The extremes of military conquest sometimes resulted in the destruction of the native populations political structures. Babur had the expertise of his commander Ustad Ali Quli . The preoccupation with wars and military campaigns, however, did not allow the new emperor to consolidate the gains he had made in India. From 1450-1750 both the Mughal and Ottoman Empires established large functioning bureaucracies, with the establishment of religiously tolerant policies. One such court was that of the qadi. http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RH/9-10, http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RH/11-12, follows New York State social studies testing required format. [130], Once, the Mughal emperor Akbar asked his courtiers, which was the most beautiful flower. Open Document. [97] During the Mughal era, the gross domestic product (GDP) of India in 1600 was estimated at 22% of the world economy, the second largest in the world, behind only China (Ming era) but larger than Europe. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending to such features as the date and origin of the information. % This bundle includes everything in my store including DBQs that cover a range of World History and American History topics, mock trials, crossword puzzles, word searches, PowerPoint presentations, movie guides and lessons.As I add more materials, I will increase the price to this bundle, but if you, This bundle includes all 40 of my DBQs on offer and cover a wide range of world history and American history topics. The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. endobj [87] Sometimes this was necessitated by political and military demands, but shifts also occurred for ideological reasons (for example, Akbar's establishment of Fatehpur Sikri), or even simply because the cost of establishing a new capital was marginal. %PDF-1.5 "[30], Contemporaries referred to the empire founded by Babur as the Timurid Empire,[31] which reflected the heritage of his dynasty, and this was the term preferred by the Mughals themselves. The Emperor proclaimed an entirely new state religion of 'God-ism' (Din-i-ilahi) - a jumble of Islamic, Hindu, Christian and Buddhist teaching with himself as deity. 3 0 obj [99] India's GDP growth increased over the 1500-1820 period, having grown faster than over the 1-1000 and 1000-1500 periods. t[.]]ICW+"thKj p#XHa/5(]8X)ay \r@9Md(D\]XJ(#VJ;]AB 9YDz'5Blaao3tuf& C*O;yNX*2g\@m(q1J|fl=N&i:v%.T.%1ZpW. In turn, the Mysorean rockets were the basis for the Congreve rockets, which Britain deployed in the Napoleonic Wars against France and the War of 1812 against the United States. Document 1 also affirms the potential of economics to provide inroads to political power: King Afonso I of Kongo in Africa appeals to the King of Portugal about the behavior of Portuguese merchants, who are undermining King Afonsos power by enrich- ing his vassals, making them no longer content and subjected under our control. King Afonsos highly submissive tone (I kiss your hand many times) may indicate not genuine submission to the King of Portugal, but rather an understanding of the threat that economic power has on his political power. [138][pageneeded] Its handloom industry flourished under royal warrants, making the region a hub of the worldwide muslin trade, which peaked in the 17th and 18th centuries. Akbar played a key role in establishing Bengal as a leading economic centre, as he began transforming many of the jungles there into farms. By the death of Akbar, the third Mughal ruler, the Mughal Empire extended from Afghanistan to the Bay of Bengal and southward to what is now Gujarat state and the northern Deccan region of India. [9] Around 80% of Mughal India's imports were bullion, mostly silver,[104] with major sources of imported bullion including the New World and Japan,[103] which in turn imported large quantities of textiles and silk from the Bengal Subah province. The Arab empire had a better trade than the byzantine empire. This eventually led to the formation of the Delhi Sultanate. x[K#0M600#0`!X!N\SU,EvYI->U_}:eoON6)?+?y&xg>?i`?>?OG|2MB.r}~~t2/aKs4Svvn;nE)'~tW}9e}p|b1('NjVf>E]*[hX?/mvRyDk8$@GQb? As if to confirm it, Jahan had these lines inscribed there: "If there is Paradise on earth, it is here, it is here.". [93], The Mughal Empire also drew on Persianate notions of kingship. [66], Aurangzeb's son, Bahadur Shah I, repealed the religious policies of his father and attempted to reform the administration. [116] In Mughal India, there was a generally tolerant attitude towards manual labourers, with some religious cults in northern India proudly asserting a high status for manual labour. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [43] Aurangzeb is considered India's most controversial king,[62] with some historians arguing his religious conservatism and intolerance undermined the stability of Mughal society,[43] while other historians question this, noting that he built Hindu temples,[65] employed significantly more Hindus in his imperial bureaucracy than his predecessors did, opposed bigotry against Hindus and Shia Muslims. [80] Manufactured goods and cash crops from the Mughal Empire were sold throughout the world. His tomb in Delhi, built several years after his death, is the first of the great Mughal architectural masterpieces; it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1993. <> It is intended to support the implementation of the CCSS. 3 Pages. [182] In 1657, the Mughal Army used rockets during the Siege of Bidar. [89], The imperial camp, used for military expeditions and royal tours, also served as a kind of mobile, "de facto" administrative capital. [9] Under the zabt system, the Mughals also conducted extensive cadastral surveying to assess the area of land under plow cultivation, with the Mughal state encouraging greater land cultivation by offering tax-free periods to those who brought new land under cultivation. However, by this time Lodi's empire was already crumbling, and it was actually the Rajput Confederacy which was the strongest power of Northern India under the capable rule of Rana Sanga of Mewar. Reduced subsequently to the region in and around Old Delhi by 1760, the empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Students will learn how the Mughal Empire united and dominated the Indian Subcontinent for 300 years. 154 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<703B6BE470475CF53496B025F7C4275E><0763BC8545456C4FA029FD2F0F77CBE6>]/Index[147 19]/Info 146 0 R/Length 57/Prev 377749/Root 148 0 R/Size 166/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Fatehpur Sikri is a synthesis of Hindu and Islamic architecture. [82], The Mughal Empire had a highly centralised, bureaucratic government, most of which was instituted during the rule of the third Mughal emperor Akbar. Birth Country: India. The psychological interpretations emphasise depravity in high places, excessive luxury, and increasingly narrow views that left the rulers unprepared for an external challenge. Document 3. The building is a mausoleum built by Jahan for his wife Mumtaz and it has come to symbolise the love between two people. As you . [25], The Mughals adopted and standardised the rupee (rupiya, or silver) and dam (copper) currencies introduced by Sur Emperor Sher Shah Suri during his brief rule. [105] In terms of urban-rural divide, 18% of Mughal India's labour force were urban and 82% were rural, contributing 52% and 48% to the economy, respectively. <> [citation needed] Humayun's triumphant return from Persia in 1555 restored Mughal rule in some parts of India, but he died in an accident the next year. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Mughal Empire began to decline in the 18th century, during the reign of Muammad Shah (171948). Sake Dean Mahomed had learned much of Mughal chemistry and understood the techniques used to produce various alkali and soaps to produce shampoo. Bburs son Humyn inherited the hope rather than the fact of empire, because the Afghans and Rajputs were merely restrained but not reconciled to Mughal supremacy by the Mughal victories at Panipat (1526), Khanua (1527), and the Ghaghara (1529). If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [emailprotected]. 14.Why did this split intensify during the 1450-1750 time period? Essay; Topics; Writing; Essays. The architectural achievements of the Mughals peaked between 1592 and 1666, during the reign of Jahangir's successor Jahan. [179]Fathullah Shirazi (c.1582), a Persian polymath and mechanical engineer who worked for Akbar, developed an early multi gun shot. The effectiveness of military conquest for destroying political structures is also demonstrated in Document 6, an account of a battle in Sudan that demonstrates the awesome firepower of machine guns to leave the Sudanese fighters in tangled heaps. Although the document, written by the British Churchill, might provide a glorified account of the battle that exaggerates the British advantage, the fact that Churchill expected their weapon technology would automatically give victory is indicated in the disbelieving sentence: It appeared to our cavalry commander that the [Sudanese fighters] would actually succeed.. After the battle, the centre of Mughal power became Agra instead of Kabul. The Hindu kingdoms also fought back, often supported by the French and the British, who used them to tighten their grip on the sub-continent. [9], The largest manufacturing industry in the Mughal Empire was textile manufacturing, particularly cotton textile manufacturing, which included the production of piece goods, calicos, and muslins, available unbleached and in a variety of colours. V:-t9ki 1,xmvl5-} n,k&3*? From the late 17th century to the early 18th century, Mughal India accounted for 95% of British imports from Asia, and the Bengal Subah province alone accounted for 40% of Dutch imports from Asia. [38], Another name for the empire was Hindustan, which was documented in the Ain-i-Akbari, and which has been described as the closest to an official name for the empire. [127], Bengal accounted for more than 50% of textiles and around 80% of silks imported by the Dutch from Asia,[124] Bengali silk and cotton textiles were exported in large quantities to Europe, Indonesia, and Japan,[9]:202 and Bengali muslin textiles from Dhaka were sold in Central Asia, where they were known as "Dhaka textiles". a Turkish invader from Central Asia. In the early 18th century, he built several large observatories called Yantra Mandirs, in order to rival Ulugh Beg's Samarkand observatory, and in order to improve on the earlier Hindu computations in the Siddhantas and Islamic observations in Zij-i-Sultani. [72] The British East India Company took control of the former Mughal province of Bengal-Bihar in 1793 after it abolished local rule (Nizamat) that lasted until 1858, marking the beginning of British colonial era over the Indian subcontinent. It never spread beyond his court and died when he did. While Humayan was certainly disastrous as a ruler, his love of poetry and culture heavily influenced his son Akbar, and helped to make the Mughal Empire an artistic power as well as a military one. The literary works Akbar and Jahangir ordered to be illustrated ranged from epics like the Razmnama (a Persian translation of the Hindu epic, the Mahabharata) to historical memoirs or biographies of the dynasty such as the Baburnama and Akbarnama, and Tuzk-e-Jahangiri. Sold throughout the world Mughal emperor Akbar asked his courtiers, which was the most beautiful flower it spread. Was the most beautiful flower ] Manufactured goods and cash crops from the Mughal Army used rockets the! Beautiful flower and cash crops from the Mughal Empire united and dominated the Indian Subcontinent for years. Understood the techniques used to produce shampoo the building is a mausoleum built by Jahan for his wife and! The CCSS mausoleum built by Jahan for his wife Mumtaz and it has to. 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