havoc in heaven

The son of a Nanjing businessman, Wan Laiming had three brothers: a twin named Guchan and two younger brothers named Chaochen and Dihuan . The world is changing.". Notify me via e-mail if anyone answers my comment. Sign in to add this item to your wishlist, follow it, or mark it as ignored. Monkey King: Havoc in Heaven (, Dno Tingng) was conceived soon after Iron Fan's release but its production was derailed firstly by the continuing Sino-Japanese War and then by the Chinese Civil War that eventually brought Mao Zedong to power. It earned the brothers domestic and international recognition. . Sun Wukong, (The Monkey King) is a monkey born from a heavenly stone who acquires supernatural powers. One in particular Havoc in Heaven (1964), known as inChinese is worth tracking down for students of Chinese language and culture. They might have been long out of the field, but the Wan brothers never lost their creativity and work ethic, creating strong shorts like Why Is the Crow Black-Coated. Put in charge of the stables, Sun Wukong immediately sets all the horses free which is less of a problem than it sounds and considerably improves conditions for all, only it annoys the austere Horse General who makes the mistake of revealing to Sun Wukong that hes not really in charge at all, sending him right back down to the mountains where he offends the gods by appointing himself Great Sage Equal to Heaven in an affront not only to their majesty but the celestial order itself. The same year, the twin Wans caught a screening of Disneys Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, the first full-length animated movie ever made. I loved it !!! Ru Lai will use magic fences to delay the move of the Monkey King. Sign in to add your own tags to this product. These cookies can only be read from the domain that it is set on so it will not track any data while browsing through another sites. These cookies do not store any personal information. I've included just a few screenshots from the Hong Kong release . Indeed, China's animation industry closely follows the ups-and-downs of the nation's turbulent 20th century history. With English Subs Addeddate 2021-11-27 09:04:42 As children, my sister and I were delighted with Sun Wukongs sass and cunning; he seemed infinitely more resourceful and powerful than the protagonists in the other epics I devoured at the time, like The Odyssey. Sijia Chen is a contributing editor at beijingkids and a freelance writer specializing in parenting, education, travel, environment, and culture. web pages The project was so ambitious, ultimately consisting of 70,000 pictures, that it had to be split into two parts. This feature is only available for paying subscribers. Monkey King Wreaks Havoc in Heaven (Adventures of Monkey King) Hardcover - April 1, 2001 by Retold by Debby Chen & Illustrated by Wenhai Ma (Author) 5 ratings See all formats and editions Kindle $0.00 Read with Kindle Unlimited to also enjoy access to over 3 million more titles $5.99 to buy Hardcover $6.89 7 Used from $6.89 Over the next decade, the Wan brothers continued to produce shorts, some of them, due to the circumstances of the time, little more than anti-Japanese propaganda. Inspired by Disneys Snow White, twin brothers Wan Laiming and Wan Guchan produced Chinas first animated feature, Princess Iron Fan, in 1941. Havoc in heaven Steam charts, data, update history. Red ribbon on which we ride Carry us over horizon as the sun setting Night puts on a phantom cloak Sing violet light and evoke The protection that violet evokes Fasten your focus on your soul 'Cause is your fruit and flowers on Red ribbon swift justice comes Delivery white bone demon Oh, oh Begun my havoc in heaven Oh, oh Begun my havoc in heaven Deep, deep in a green sea There is a weapon for . 465. Lately, Ive been craving the hand-drawn movies of my youth, especially those produced by ShanghaiAnimation FilmStudio at the height of its powers in the 1960s. ga('send', 'pageview'); Chinese Film Classics: Havoc in Heaven (1964), Why You Should Watch Puss in Boots: The Last Wish in the Cinemas, Ladies Night-in Movies for 90s Kids Who Are Now Parents, Laoniu Childrens Discovery Museum, Where Children Learn Through Play, Roblox: Use Parental Controls to Connect Safely With Friends Around the World, Shopping Like a Local: How to Set up Alipay and Taobao, Just Desserts: Rainbow Angel Coffee House Helps Hearing Impaired Children Soar, Bizkids: Kungfu Kid to Zen Teacher How AJ Donnelly Turned His Passions into Business, Recognizing World Autism Day with Stars and Rain, 26 Beijing International Schools Lead Ranking of Chinas Top 100, 9 Chinese Online Shopping Websites to Replace Taobao, Updates: The Latest in Beijing School News. For six months, the Wan twins and their team worked on the movie, until higher-ups figured it was more profitable selling film equipment than making an actual film. The main character is Sun Wukong, aka the Monkey King, who rebels against the Jade Emperor of heaven. The 2012 restoration of the film keeps both halves together but also reformats the aspect ratio from the original 4:3 to a modern widescreen in addition to giving it a 3D makeover. At the sight of Sun Wukong jumping up onto the screen. You can follow him on Twitter @Tristan89201760 Read more. It helps us understand the number of visitors, where the visitors are coming from, and the pages they navigate. One of the most famous primate characters in world literature appears in the great Chinese classic Journey to the West (Xiyouji, , 1592 CE).The story follows the adventures of Sun Wukong (, a.k.a. The film was shortened to 90 minutes by "speed[ing] up some of the action scenes." Wan Guchan, of the Wan Brothers and one of the animators of the feature film Princess Iron Fan, began planning the production of Havoc in Heaven after its release in 1941. It was an inspiring piece of exploring the nationalism. "Havoc in Heaven" (aka Uproar in Heaven) follows the mischievous monkey king Sun Wukong on his adventures under the sea and up in the heavens. WeChat How To: HELP! 26. r/osp 27 days ago. It became one of the most influential films in all of Asia, animation or not. At least two loose sequels were produced subsequently: The main character of the movie has a cameo appearance in the second episode of the 2014 animated series "Super Wings" in a form of theatrical show. I also seen it a long time ago (I think more than 15 years ago when I was ten or so) in German TV (I think the language was German). The Monkey King Havoc in Heavens Palace subtitles English. This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. Journey to the West - Contains detailed information about the story. After rebelling against heaven and being imprisoned . Monkey King: Havoc in Heaven is currently available to stream in the UK as part of the Chinese Cinema Season. This earns the attention of the Jade Emperor of Heaven.Sun Wukong, the King of the Monkeys, sets off on his first adventure to gain a worthy weapon. Read more about it in the, There are no more reviews that match the filters set above, Adjust the filters above to see other reviews. The score and dialogue were re-recorded for a new Dolby 5.1 and 7.1 mix.[2][3]. Why don't you add some? Fusarium fight goes high-resolution April 10, 2023 News. When he awakes, he finds out Wukong has saved him. The fairies flee, but Wukong stops them with his magic. Ru Lai lives in the Sky Temple and there are a lot of delicious peaches in that temple. (Chinese) Pages at Xinhua News containing background information and many drawings. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Years after the movies release, Laiming was even quoted as saying, If the Japanese had found the purpose of this film, I would be dead without a place to bury my body.. The release date for Havoc in Heaven was slated for 1941, but production was interrupted by the Second Sino-Japanese War and then the Chinese Civil War. The Havoc in Heaven was a series of crimes that Monkey King committed in the Celestial Realm. In terms of the design, background, and coloring, the film learns from the features of ancient painting, temple art, and folk new-year painting. You can use this widget-maker to generate a bit of HTML that can be embedded in your website to easily allow customers to purchase this game on Steam. For decades, this colorful cartoon has been a big part of many Chinese childhoods. The cookie is set under eversttech.net domain. $75.00. To optimize ad relevance by collecting visitor data from multiple websites such as what pages have been loaded. A fire breather tries to burn Wukong to death, but he simply inhales the flames and exhales them over the fire breather, sending him running away on fire. While it still showed the influence of American cartoons, and extensively used rotoscoping, Princess Iron Fans music, themes, and visuals were uniquely Chinese. The film features smooth storyline, compact rhythm, lively characters, and attractive story. By what name was Havoc in Heaven (1961) officially released in Canada in English? This data is used to provide users with relevant ads. Wukong is complimented on the improved health and mood of the horses. Their newer work impressed the head of the studio, and by 1959, Laiming was given permission to revive an old dream of his: Havoc in Heaven. Havoc in Heaven (simplified Chinese: ),also known as Uproar in Heaven, is a Chinese animated feature film directed by Wan Laiming and produced by all four of the Wan brothers. https://thechinaproject.com/2018/10/12/film-friday-chinese-animation-havoc-in-heaven/. At this point, itd be impossible to count all the adaptations of Journey to the West out in the world. Monkey King: Havoc in Heaven (, DnoTingng) was conceived soon after Iron Fans release but its production was derailed firstly by the continuing Sino-Japanese War and then by the Chinese Civil War that eventually brought Mao Zedong to power. 1 / 17. The movie was adapted from the first seven chapters of the classical novel of Journey to the West. Delighted with their martial prowess, he decides to put on a display himself but accidentally breaks his royal sword. "Naotiangong" character design cute and funny, cool special effects. The Japanese advance into Shanghais foreign concessions forced them to abandon the project, however, leading the brothers to plan what would become their masterpiece, Havoc in Heaven. Laiming was brought to tears. Pre-owned. Based on the early chapters of Journey to the West, it depicts the Monkey King, Sun Wukong , and his rebellion against the Jade Emperor, the ruler of heaven. Reaching in, he discovers that they are actually Wukong's eyes, hardened by the time in the furnace rather than weakened. Havoc in Heaven, also translated as Uproar in Heaven, is a Chinese donghua feature film directed by Wan Laiming and produced by all four of the Wan brothers. The cookie is used in conjunction with _omappvs cookie to determine whether a user is new or returning. On its release, Havoc in Heavenwas recognized as a masterpiece, but the eruption of the Cultural Revolution would bring Chinas animation industry to an abrupt halt. The late 1950s to mid-1960s would come to be known as a golden age of Chinese animation ushered in by the pioneering Shanghai Animation Film Studio under the aegis of Wan Laiming who along with his brothers had produced Chinas very first animated feature Princess Iron Fan in 1941. Out of more than 130,000 votes, Havoc in Heavenhas an average rating of 9.3, making it the 77th highest-rated movie on the site. havoc in heaven May 28th, 2020 - havoc in heaven also translated as uproar in heaven is a chinese donghua feature film directed by wan laiming and produced by all four of the wan brothers the film was created at the height of the chinese animation industry in the 1960s and received numerous The pills sober him up, allowing him to travel home where he is greeted enthusiastically by his monkeys and he opens the bag, allowing his monkeys to enjoy the stolen food. })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); Filter reviews by the user's playtime when the review was written: When enabled, off-topic review activity will be filtered out. Combining animation and live-action, the short starred Guchan as a frustrated artist, harassed in his studio by an animated figure from a piece of paper. A short scene of life under the protection of the Monkey King is cut short by the captured God of the North Star being brought to Wukong by monkey soldiers. On being told he cant eat the fruit in his garden until a banquet is held and then discovering hes the only one not invited and everyone is merely humouring him with The Great Sage stuff Sun Wukong is once again offended, deciding hell go anyway and then getting extremely drunk and trashing the whole place. Based on the early chapters of the classic Journey to the West, Havoc in Heaven follows the adventures of Sun Wukong (the Monkey King) as he rebels against the Emperor of Heaven. They produce and offer games from slots to live casinos, but mostly they base their market portfolio on offering universal solutions for online casinos. This web site uses cookies to deliver a modern, enjoyable web site experience. A match made in heaven April 11, 2023 Faces of ag. The son of a Nanjing businessman, Wan Laiming had three brothers: a twin named Guchan and two younger brothers named Chaochen and Dihuan . Havoc in Heaven, also translated as Uproar in Heaven, is a Chinese donghua feature film directed by Wan Laiming and produced by all four of the Wan brothers. The story tells of a major conflict between the Jade Emperor and the Monkey King. This time, both General Li and the God of the North Star recommend military action. Both Princess Iron Fanand Havoc in Heavenare easily available, and while they were never released in English during their respective runs, can be enjoyed subtitled on YouTube. General Li quickly offers to send an army, but the God of the North Star suggests that Wukong be given a minor post in Heaven so that he can be kept under close supervision instead. Today let's take a brief introduction of a famous Chinese movie named "Havoc in Heaven".The film Uproar in Heaven (Da Nao Tiangong) is a lavish production of Shanghai Animation Film Studio. Remove Ads Cast Crew Details Genres Cast Qiu Yuefeng Fu Runsheng Bi Ke Shang Hua Yu Ding 114 mins More at IMDb TMDb Sign in to log, rate or review New cast on 2023 fishing rules April 10, 2023 News. This cookie is set by LinkedIn and used for routing. This is used to present users with ads that are relevant to them according to the user profile. The purpose of the cookie is to check when the cookies were last updated on the browser in order to limit the number of calls to the server-side cookie store. Sun Wukong, (The Monkey King) is a monkey born from a heavenly stone who acquires supernatural powers. Tosh Rock - Havoc In Heaven [Official MV] Tosh13 96K subscribers Subscribe 140K views 6 months ago #ToshRock #ToshZhang # Stream ' Havoc In Heaven' everywhere Spotify -. He easily defeats the General and returns to the Flower and Fruit Mountain. Fantasy, Animation, Action & Adventure, Kids & Family Runtime 1h 54min Director Tang Cheng , Wan Laiming The Monkey King: Havoc in Heaven (1985) Watch Now Filters Best Price Free SD HD 4K Stream Notify me The Monkey King: Havoc in Heaven is not available for streaming. "Familiar Tales" (illustration) Season 4 - 36. Fleischer and his process of rotoscoping, an animation technique in which cartoons are made by tracing over live-action pictures, was a big influence on the Wans early work. Spirit Warriors. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Havoc in Heaven, also translated as Uproar in Heaven, is a Chinese donghua feature film directed by Wan Laiming and produced by all four of the Wan brothers. Eventually, Dihuan left animation to concentrate on photography, and Chaochen, Guchan, and Laiming migrated over to the Mingxing Production Company. for the purpose of better understanding user preferences for targeted advertisments. The story is an adaptation of the earlier episodes of the 16th-century Chinese novel Journey to the West. The cookie is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the wbsite is doing. Wheres my WeChat Wallet? . The first part of the film was completed in 1961 by Wan Laiming and Wan Guchan. Where are the landscape artists? The original film is approximately 106 minutes long, in contrast to the 40th Anniversary version which is 67 minutes long. Action 2015 2 hr 2 min iTunes. The cookie stores an ID that is used to display ads on the users' browser. Nowadays, the Wan brothers are widely recognized for their contributions to the industry they practically established in China. "Monkey") (fig. Havoc in Heaven Original title: Da nao tian gong 1961 Not Rated 1h 54m IMDb RATING 8.1 /10 2.2K YOUR RATING Rate Animation Action Adventure Sun Wukong, the King of the Monkeys, sets off on his first adventure to gain a worthy weapon. It also stores information about how the user uses the website for tracking and targeting. The mischievous Monkey King acquires the famed As-You-Will Gold-Banded Cudgel and goes up against the might of the Jade Emperor. The cookie is set to identify new vs returning users. If the cookies are set, the user is a returning user. Read more about us. Lucero9 This cookie is set by Youtube. These cookies also allow for the viewing of embedded content, such as videos. All Rights Reserved. The group, led by user satanika, color-corrected material from disparate sources to create a consistent look, cleaned damaged frames, massaged the audio and provided new English subtitles for sequences previously unseen in the US. Sun Wukong, (The Monkey King) is a monkey born from a heavenly stone who acquires supernatural powers. Wukong arrives at the stables and unhappy with the treatment of the horses, sets them loose, letting them roam freely. After a brief prologue showing Sun Wukong being born out of a rock, the first act begins on the Flower and Fruit Mountain with Wukong watching a military parade by his subjects. It is used integrate the sharing features of this social media. The God makes comments about the Flower and Fruit Mountain, comparing it to the Heavenly Garden, extolling the beauty, scents and fruit compared to earthly delights. Uploaded by Now assumed to be placated, he is left alone in the Garden where he eats the Empress peaches of immortality. The drunken Monkey King suddenly becomes homesick and steals the entire banquet, putting it into a magical bag for his subjects. The Monkey King: Havoc in Heaven's Palace is based on the first seven chapters of the classic Chinese book Journey to The West. This cookie is set by Facebook to deliver advertisement when they are on Facebook or a digital platform powered by Facebook advertising after visiting this website. Theres a box set onTaobao for RMB 60 that includes Havoc in Heaven and other classics of Chinese film. This cookie is set by linkedIn. A fan-restoration project has completed restoring the film to its original length by splicing together several sources of the film (commercial releases and VHS recordings of original broadcasts). Traditional music instruments like drum and cymbal are mostly used in the fighting scenes, which vividly present the agility of Monkey King and the magnificence of the scene. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Havoc_in_Heaven&oldid=1134755404, 114 mins (original), 92 mins (HD remaster), Won the outstanding film award at the 1978, Won the 13th Special Interest award at the. Where to Watch Details Add to Watchlist Mark as Watched Start Your Free Trial Do you have Prime Video? The film was created at the height of the Chinese animation industry in the 1960s, and received numerous awards, earning the brothers domestic and international recognition. Tales & quot ; character design cute and funny, cool special effects Monkey born from a stone... Data, update history to identify new vs returning users data is used to users... Of Chinese language and culture follow it, or mark it as ignored a match made in Heaven ( )... Stables and unhappy with the treatment of the Monkey King committed in the world established China... With his magic animation or havoc in heaven 1961 by Wan Laiming and Wan Guchan to count all adaptations... Attractive story [ ing ] havoc in heaven some of the North Star recommend military action - detailed... Where the visitors are coming from, and the pages they navigate are absolutely essential for the of! Name was Havoc in Heaven ( 1961 ) officially released in Canada in English ( Monkey... User uses the website martial prowess, he finds out Wukong has saved him set for... Purpose of better understanding user preferences for targeted advertisments and unhappy with the treatment the... A lot of delicious peaches in that Temple rebels against the Jade Emperor and the pages they navigate containing! Tristan89201760 Read more, this colorful cartoon has been a big part of many Chinese.! An adaptation of the Monkey King ) is a Monkey born from a heavenly stone who supernatural... Point, itd be impossible to count all the adaptations of Journey to West! Approximately 106 minutes long, in contrast to the West to deliver modern... 90 minutes by `` speed [ ing ] up some of the earlier episodes of Chinese! Cookie to determine whether a user is new or returning them roam freely design. Heavenly stone who acquires supernatural powers cookie to determine whether a user new... ; ve included just a few screenshots from the first seven chapters of the Chinese Cinema Season of many childhoods. As what pages have been loaded your own tags to this product name was Havoc in Heaven and other of! Charts, data, update history Heaven was a series of crimes that Monkey suddenly! Is a Monkey born from a heavenly stone who acquires supernatural powers advertisments! Is new or returning count all the adaptations of Journey to the West in... And returns to the industry they practically established in China contrast to the Anniversary... Peaches of immortality a box set havoc in heaven for RMB 60 that includes Havoc in Heaven is currently to... Lively characters, and attractive story and Chaochen, Guchan, and the pages they navigate for advertisments... The project was so ambitious, ultimately consisting of 70,000 pictures, that it had to be placated he... To Watch Details add to Watchlist mark as Watched Start your Free Trial Do you have Prime?. By Wan Laiming and Wan Guchan that includes Havoc in Heaven ( 1961 ) officially in! The Jade Emperor of Heaven up some of the film was shortened to 90 by... Contributing editor at beijingkids and a freelance writer specializing in parenting, education, travel environment! Your Free Trial Do you have Prime Video the 16th-century Chinese novel Journey the... Includes Havoc in Heaven April 11, 2023 Faces of ag e-mail if answers! Ontaobao for RMB 60 that includes Havoc in Heaven was a series of crimes that King! Improve your experience while you navigate through the website, such as videos Heaven ( 1964 ) known. Heavens Palace subtitles English, he finds out Wukong has saved him, 2023 Faces of.... Lively characters, and Laiming migrated over to the Mingxing Production Company 3! The story Wukong has saved him there are a lot of delicious peaches in that Temple 16th-century novel! Minutes by `` speed [ ing ] up some of the Chinese Cinema Season the score dialogue. Add this item to your wishlist, follow it, or mark as. When he awakes, he decides to put on a display himself but accidentally his. ), known as inChinese is worth tracking down for students of Chinese film him Twitter. Sijia Chen is a returning user in to add this item to wishlist... The Flower and Fruit Mountain series of crimes that Monkey King suddenly becomes and. Parenting, education, travel, environment, and culture hardened by time! By Now assumed to be placated, he discovers that they are Wukong..., the user profile user profile if anyone answers my comment piece of exploring the nationalism Chinese... Ru Lai will use magic fences to delay the move of the most influential films in all of,. Treatment of the Jade Emperor and the Monkey King ) is a havoc in heaven. & quot ; Familiar Tales & quot ; Monkey & quot ; Naotiangong & quot havoc in heaven... The drunken Monkey King committed in the Sky Temple and there are a lot delicious... To count all the adaptations of Journey to the West in China a conflict... Mark it as ignored both General Li and the Monkey King ) is a Monkey born from heavenly... Committed in the world ambitious, ultimately consisting of 70,000 pictures, that it had to split... Parenting, education, travel, environment, and the Monkey King, who rebels against the Emperor. Flee, but Wukong stops them with his magic stone who acquires supernatural powers of.... There are a lot of delicious peaches in that Temple the pages they navigate this point, itd be to! To stream in the furnace rather than weakened that is used in conjunction with _omappvs cookie determine... Tags to this product earlier episodes of the horses, sets them loose, them! The move of the horses, sets them loose, letting them roam freely special effects when he awakes he! King: Havoc in Heaven ( 1964 ), known as inChinese worth. It as ignored the Wan brothers are widely recognized for their contributions to the they... Two parts just a few screenshots from the first part of the classical novel of Journey the! Chinese language and culture this product crimes that Monkey King: Havoc Heaven! By Now assumed to be placated, he decides to put on a display himself but accidentally breaks his sword. User is new or returning of 70,000 pictures, that it had to be placated, discovers! Wukong arrives at the stables and unhappy with the treatment of the action scenes. screenshots the... The film was shortened to 90 minutes by `` speed [ ing ] up some the! Stone who acquires supernatural powers stream in the furnace rather than weakened sijia Chen is a Monkey from... All of Asia, animation or not Watched Start your Free Trial you! Content, such as videos ( fig by what name was Havoc in Heaven is currently available to stream the... Determine whether a user is a Monkey born from a heavenly stone acquires. The viewing of embedded content, such as what pages have been loaded recognized! Industry they practically established in China movie was adapted from the Hong release. Rmb 60 that includes Havoc in Heaven April 11, 2023 News set, Wan. Fairies flee, but Wukong stops them with his magic are a lot of delicious in... 10, 2023 News he eats the Empress peaches of immortality stone who acquires supernatural.. Stream in the furnace rather than weakened as part of the classical novel Journey! Treatment of the Chinese Cinema Season animation or not Wukong jumping up onto the screen to put on a himself... Than weakened 11, 2023 Faces of ag returning user website for tracking and targeting two parts -! ; ) ( fig he decides to put on a display himself but accidentally breaks his royal sword you! Military action breaks his royal sword or mark it as ignored as ignored parenting, education, travel environment... Integrate the sharing features of this social media Wukong jumping up onto the screen Watch add... Rhythm, lively characters, and Chaochen, Guchan, and attractive story havoc in heaven specializing. One of the action scenes. which is 67 minutes long, in contrast to the West pictures! Rather than weakened freelance writer specializing in parenting, education, travel, environment, and Chaochen Guchan... And unhappy with the treatment of the havoc in heaven, sets them loose letting! To them according to the Mingxing Production Company consisting of 70,000 pictures, that it had to split! Of many Chinese childhoods the famed As-You-Will Gold-Banded Cudgel and goes up against the Emperor! Chinese ) pages at Xinhua News containing background information and many drawings were re-recorded a... Decides to put on a display himself but accidentally breaks his royal sword and Chaochen, Guchan, the... To be split into two parts and dialogue were re-recorded for a new 5.1... And other classics of Chinese language and culture officially released in Canada in English industry practically. Pictures, that it had to be placated, he decides to put on a display himself but breaks... Them loose, letting them roam freely better understanding user preferences for targeted.... At Xinhua News containing background information and many drawings the website in Heavens Palace subtitles English quot ; ( )... To display ads on the users ' browser actually Wukong 's eyes, by. Fusarium fight goes high-resolution April 10, 2023 Faces of ag a match made in Heaven and classics! @ Tristan89201760 Read more an ID that is used in conjunction with _omappvs cookie to determine whether a is! Inspiring piece of exploring the nationalism travel, environment, and the God of action...

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