chief compliance officer salary hedge fund
Irrespective of the number of managers in a fund, they monitor the portfolio and related risks, make final investment decisions, and supervise back-office operations. 3. Design the policies and procedures necessary to ensure compliance on regulatory matters throughout the business development and investor relations process, including investment advisory agreements, side letters, billing arrangements, brokerage practices, and other key terms. Outsourced Chief Compliance Officer (Broker Dealer) ACA Group 3.8. As of Jan 29, 2023, the average annual pay for a Hedge Fund Compliance in the United States is $99,914 a year. As a result, they can range from nothing at all to enormous multiples of the base pay. Ajude-nos a manter o Glassdoor seguro confirmando que voc uma pessoa de Referrals increase your chances of interviewing at Mondrian Alpha by 2x. At large firms, a chief compliance officer (CCO) will be assisted by a staff of five to 10 or more people. enva un correo electrnico a pour nous faire part du problme. What is the average salary for a Deputy Chief Compliance Officer at Avoro Capital in the United States? Hedge Fund Law Report. . These funds tend to look for candidates who already have experience in finance and the necessary modeling skills; hence IB and PE associates tend to be heavily sought. Establishment of goals, policies, and procedures for a social or economic unit city planning business planning. Jennifer Banzaca. Moreover, some of these functions may even be outsourced to service providers specializing in those services. An exciting opportunity has arisen for a Compliance Associate to join an industry-leading, multi-billion dollar hedge fund. What steps can a Deputy Chief Compliance Officer take to increase their salary? . Gender equity, social justice, and combatting white supremacy, patriarchy, homophobia, 3.7 Ten percent of directors earned$215,000 or more. They are generally considered risky by investors due to the choice of techniques and instruments and fall under the "alternative investments" category. The ultimate responsibility to manage the risk of the entire portfolio is that of the Portfolio Manager, which gets more challenging as the fund grows. Ci Aydanos a proteger Glassdoor verificando que eres una persona real. Before deciding to pursue hisMBA, Andy previously spent two years at Credit Suisse in Investment Banking This content was originally created by member WallStreetOasis.com and has evolved with the help of our mentors. Create and maintain the firm's Form ADV, Parts 1 and 2 as well as regular and periodic regulatory filings. If IB raises the bar, HF and PE stay competitive by following suit. We are sorry for the inconvenience. and reporting directly to the Chief Compliance Officer, the hire can expect to get involved in all aspects of compliance, in a generalist role. Posted on: 01 Dec 22. Planning: An act or process of making or carrying out plans. Due to that, they have fewer interactions with Senior Analysts and Portfolio Managers. If you continue to see this Sign in to save Compliance Associate - Global Hedge Fund - Market Leading Comp Package + Benefits! Back to Jobs. Search our Job Database for similar openings: (Enter less keywords for more results. In addition, please check out this detailed salary guide for other accounting roles. 31 Jan 23, Posted on: Austin, TX, Storm2 - HFs typically seek IB analysts with 2-4 years of experience. We hear you. enviando un correo electrnico a $2k - $28k. Lamentamos pelo inconveniente. Develop the Group's Risk & Compliance program, roadmap, and strategy. 19 Sep 22, Posted on: Analysis: Analysis is the process of considering something carefully or using statistical methods in order to understand it or explain it. A Avoro Capital Deputy Chief Compliance Officer's compensation ranges from $123,885 to $159,675, with an average salary of $141,738. . By creating this job alert, you agree to the LinkedIn User Agreement and Privacy Policy. While ZipRecruiter is seeing annual . You may choose to opt-out of ad cookies, To be informed of or opt-out of these cookies, please see our. They can earn up to $250,000 as they progress, with the bonus at about 50% of the base. So, we have put together a brief list of anecdotal compensations provided by WSO users for you. excuses voor het ongemak. We are committed to delivering high-quality returns for our clients while adhering to the highest ethical standards. Salaries can vary widely depending on the region, the department and many other important factors such as the employees level of education, certifications and additional skills. Gain Access to Exclusive Data on Compensation, Interviews, and Employee Reviews. How much does a Chief Compliance Officer make in the United States? Ci message, contactez-nous l'adresse Their duties may also include performance reporting and verifying the accuracy of all figures. Please note that the higher ends of the compensation ranges apply to individuals wearing more than one hat. Se continui a visualizzare Get notified about new Compliance Associate jobs in London, England, United Kingdom. Bonuses over 100% are not a myth but a rarity. Caso continue recebendo esta mensagem, Visit the Career Advice Hub to see tips on interviewing and resume writing. salary in the United States is $239,001 as of March 28, 2023, Generating investment ideas only for someone else to act on them is certainly not going to be the turning point in your rags to riches story. Although they share the same responsibilities as Junior Analysts, they have more independence to focus on longer-term projects or ideas and specific investment theses. 09 Mar 23, Senior Risk Officer - Systematic Strategies, Posted on: In the current environment, an IB analyst with some experience can expect a base salary of $100,000-$200,000 depending on their experience with about 50% of the same amount in bonus. For instance, $1bn AUM would fetch the portfolio manager a base salary of around $250,000 with a bonus between $500k and $3mn based on performance. In short, making seven figures at a hedge fund is closer to myth than reality unless you are a portfolio manager even if you call all the right shots. Chief compliance officer compensation tends to range between $400,000 and $1 million, all in, with the average total compensation package about $700,000. What is the lowest pay for a Deputy Chief Compliance Officer at Avoro Capital? Today’s top 293 Chief Compliance Officer jobs in United Kingdom. 57 jobs. to let us know you're having trouble. Aidez-nous protger Glassdoor en confirmant que vous tes une personne relle. Search thousands of open positions to find your next opportunity. message, please email Directly establish and manage all aspects of the day-to-day compliance functions as well as regulatory reporting and control processes and procedures that focus on requirements across applicable regulatory regimes, including, but not limited to, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Securities Act of 1933, and Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Find your market worth with a report tailored to you, New research shows how to set pay for remote employees. They also wrote that a hedge fund professional's experience can cap their bonus, but it is more about their contributions. to let us know you're having trouble. Abroad Experience International Recruitment. real person. Further, smaller funds may club the roles of the middle office with the back office. See the table below to find out how much they bagged in 2020. But I can't seem to find how much the hedge fund industry pays.". However, some funds offer a switch from trading roles to investing roles. Sorry, search needs to be by multiples of city OR postcode OR country, not a mix of all. Base salaries range from $175,000 to $250,000, w. View more Work Environment Compliance professionals work in modern, well-lit offices and use the latest computers and office equipment to do their jobs. Please help us protect Glassdoor by verifying that you're a 1. Comprehensive knowledge of the overall departmental function. Under Advisers Act Rule 206 (4)-7, registered hedge fund managers are required to designate a chief compliance officer (CCO), but they are not required to hire an additional executive to serve in that capacity. IT professionals build the necessary software platforms and systems customized to various trading strategies and even individual traders. Job candidates can expect to join the hedge fund industry at this level after having finished an MBA. las molestias. Aiutaci a proteggere Glassdoor dimostrando che sei una persona reale. Some hypothesize that a fund's location matters and that analysts in New York and San Francisco have higher compensations and make about 25-30% more than their counterparts in Boston and Washington DC, and 40% more than those in Chicago. CEO in evaluating business risk in accordance with policies, goals and objectives of the firm. Salary.com's CompAnalyst platform offers: Take just three simple steps below to generate your own personalized salary report. Hence, financial modeling and a deep understanding of the financial markets are paramount to building a successful career in the hedge fund industry. an. salary in the United States is. Hedge fund compensations are much more volatile, unlike investment banks where performance determines bonuses, but there is not much variation in them. All rights reserved. Professionals working at hedge funds need to be capable of representing real-life investment opportunities in a structured format, weighing risk and return, estimating value, and conveying information. Sie weiterhin diese Meldung erhalten, informieren Sie uns darber bitte per E-Mail When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. Get email updates for new Compliance Associate jobs in London, England, United Kingdom . Job location New York. Salaries below this are outliers. Below, you can find the expected median salaries for Risk Analysts for 2022. Avoro Capital Advisors is a global life sciences investment firm with a focus on supporting emerging biotechnology companies. While ZipRecruiter is seeing annual salaries as high as $249,000 and as . Despite being at or close to the top in the order, they share some of the responsibilities of Analysts and Senior Analysts, like monitoring open positions, conducting due diligence, and generating investment ideas. Apply to Compliance Officer, Hedge Fund Analyst, Chief Technology Officer and more! On the other hand, others reject the notion and say that geography does not contribute to variation in compensation at hedge funds in the US. Wenn These essential cookies may also be used for improvements, site monitoring and security. New research on who's asking for raises and who's getting them as well as advice on how to ensure you're getting the salary you deserve. Job Title: Hedge Fund/Family Office Consultant - Chief Compliance Officer Join our experienced roster of consultants that support Hedge Funds and Family Offices. 1. Outsourcing the position of the Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) or other positions. What your skills are worth in the job market is constantly changing. 41 open jobs for Compliance officer fund chief hedge. How much does a Deputy Chief Compliance Officer make per hour at Avoro Capital? Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, A Bachelor's Degree in Law, Finance, Business Administration, or a related field, MBA, Juris Doctor, M.S. 30d+ Manage external audits performed by independent outside accountants. Average compensation ranges for other roles in hedge funds are given below. Attrition there is incredibly low due to the fantastic performance, sociable culture and market-leading compensation packages. September 30, 2020 - The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced settled charges against a former chief compliance officer of a registered investment adviser and of its affiliated broker-dealer for withholding a compliance record in an SEC examination of her employer. los inconvenientes que esto te pueda causar. , Initially, entry-level employees are tasked with taking notes during meetings, assessing client needs, and acting as a point of contact (POC) for high-net-worth individuals (HNWI). To further help you jump ships, HF salaries tend to be slightly higher than IB. scusiamo se questo pu causarti degli inconvenienti. Overall, hedge funds' compensations are higher but vary more than in PE. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. 15 Apr 23, (All levels) Legal and Compliance for a top quant hedge fund player, Posted on: Regulatory affairs also has a very specific meaning within the healthcare industries (pharmaceuticals, medical devices, biologics and functional foods). Pay increases are a top concern for 2022 to attract and retain talent, Temporary employee laws: A guide to hiring contract roles, What to include in a termination letter: Template and examples, How to Manage Your Time and Prioritize Your Workload, Project Manager, (Unspecified Type / General). Si vous continuez voir ce scusiamo se questo pu causarti degli inconvenienti. Sign Up to The Insider's Guide on How to Land the Most Prestigious Buyside Roles on Wall Street. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. At a bank or broker-dealer, a compliance employee with a couple years of experience might make between $65,000 and $85,000 plus a bonus; five to 10 years of experience generally commands a base. Although they track individual transactions and formulate strategies to insure against risk, the latter is primarily the responsibility of Senior Risk Managers. There will continue to be job opportunities for compliance professionals as a result of increasing regulation of the financial industry in the United States and around the world. Remote. From compensation planning to variable pay to pay equity analysis, we surveyed 4,900+ organizations on how they manage compensation. Being a Chief Compliance Officer requires a bachelor's degree in area of specialty. Hedge fund analysts see the most significant jump in their salary when they make portfolio managers. We take a deep dive into what's impacting employee retention and what employees are looking for in their new role. Besides, you also have a more direct impact on the investments and contribute more to the portfolio. Nonetheless, the scope of their duties is much broader. Sort by: relevance - date. Thanks for reading our salary guide! Even worse, they can get pre-emptively fired before they can dispute the little bonuses. 23 Mar 23, Posted on: They must look at opportunities from a portfolio-wide perspective and consider hedging issues and size and risk constraints in the context of the entire portfolio. It is important to note that hedge funds have a smaller staff than investment banks and other pooled investment vehicles, so an official hierarchy is often lacking. Leverage your professional network, and get hired. The Chief Compliance Officer manages a departmental function within a broader corporate function. New research shows that each woman experiences the disparity of gender pay gap in different ways, depending on her position, age, race and education. para nos informar sobre o problema. 18 Apr 23, Posted on: Non-disclosed; Posted on: 04 Apr 23; Compliance Officer (Hedge Fund) - New York. real person. the number of years you have spent in your profession. Advising their companies on the regulatory aspects and climate that would affect proposed activities. Compliance Officer (Hedge Fund) - New York, Posted on: naar The firm are seen as market leaders in their space and have had exceptional performance in Q1, with AUM and headcount set to increase as a result. Joining an established, strong Compliance team, and reporting directly to the Chief Compliance Officer, the hire can expect to get involved in all aspects of compliance, in a generalist role. Hong Kong. but the range typically falls between $200,701 and $282,801. Chief Compliance Officer, Chief Financial Officer & Financial Operations Principal (Series 27) Merlin Securities Apr 2005 - Dec 2008 3 years 9 months To support the ongoing work of this site, we display non-personalized Google ads in EEA countries which are targeted using contextual information only on the page. Compensation $325,000. Those are decent figures for someone with 2 years of experience out of school. Extensive experience drafting, updating, and enforcing Code of Ethics and Compliance Manuals. The total cash compensation, which includes bonus, and annual incentives, can vary anywhere from $256,301 to $402,401 with the average total cash compensation of $319,401. They can expect their base salary to start at about $100,000 and increase to about $150,000 over a few years. Prime Healthcare Services, However, their earnings vary more than that of Analysts and Senior Analysts. Although they share the same responsibilities as Junior Analysts, they have more independence to focus on longer-term projects or ideas and specific investment theses. 27 Mar 23, Posted on: They added that earning over $1M means formulaic contributions and using strategies developed independently, which is not the firm's intellectual property. Drafting a compliance and regulatory calendars. Tracks laws and regulations that might affect the organization's policies and implements necessary changes. enva un correo electrnico a The investment community mainly sorts hedge funds into a few major categories depending on their strategy, such as relative value, event-driven, directional, and global macro, each of which implies a different risk-return profile. Chief Operating Officer - Hedge Fund Compensation $325,000 Type Permanent Location Employees in the front office offer financial products to clients, identify research opportunities, make trades, and directly manage assets. Please check out our Investment Banker salary guide to know more about compensations in that industry. Aydanos a proteger Glassdoor verificando que eres una persona real. So if a fund manager can pay you less, they will. Get notified about new Family Consultant jobs in New York, NY. Investing is more intellectually stimulating and comes with more responsibility. Your job seeking activity is only visible to you. Click the link in the email we sent to to verify your email address and activate your job alert. Help ons Glassdoor te beschermen door te verifiren of u een persoon bent. Create the annual compliance testing as well as periodic regulatory and risk assessment in anticipation of SEC and other regulatory exams and audits. in Law, or Legal Studies, a plus, Certifications: Certified Compliance & Ethics Professional (CCEP), or Certified Internal Auditor, a plus, 12+ years of Compliance experience, with at least 10+ years as a Chief Compliance Officer at a Hedge Fund or Family Office, Solid experience dealing with Federal securities laws and federal, state, and local regulations guiding financial institutions including, but not limited to, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, Securities Exchange Act of 1933, Regulation CF, etc, Demonstrated experience interacting and managing relationships with regulators, Outstanding analytical skills, detail-oriented, proactive, and self-motivated, Comfortable in a role with a degree of ambiguity, requiring proactive analysis and action, Become part of a well-funded disruptor in the finance and technology space, Flexible hours and ability to choose your assignments. All Rights Reserved. An execution trader's routine tasks include placing orders per the Portfolio Manager's instructions, achieving "best execution," and minimizing market impact costs. For investment managers, the resulting business challenges of the last few years have been multi-faceted: increased regulatory oversight, increased regulatory requirements, increased investor demands for compliance excellence, and a shrinking pool of You can unsubscribe from these emails at any time. questo messaggio, invia un'email all'indirizzo You can unsubscribe from these emails at any time. Besides the market averages listed above, WSO user @rumplestiltskin, a Portfolio Manager at a hedge fund, provided a different perspective by categorizing titles into dollar brackets based on their personal experience at their fund (tabulated for you below). One WSO user, @Tonytonitone, described that the first-year salaries at their fund fell between $60,000-$100,000, where the trading and bonus-receiving staff earned towards the higher end of that spectrum, and that the IT team and the back office earned between $60,000-$75,000. WSO Free Modeling Series - Now Open Through, +Bonus: Get 27 financial modeling templates in swipe file, Investment Banking | Corporate Development, 101 Investment Banking Interview Questions, Hedge Fund Vs. Investment Banking Salaries. Correo electrnico a pour nous faire part du problme their base salary to start at $! Myth but a rarity $ 100,000 and increase to about $ 100,000 and increase about., not a mix of all figures and enforcing Code of Ethics and Compliance Manuals Officer hedge. These emails at any time jobs in London, England, United Kingdom their... Door te verifiren of u een persoon bent CompAnalyst platform offers: take just three simple steps below to your! Or opt-out of ad cookies, please see our causarti degli inconvenienti firm 's Form ADV Parts..., Chief Technology Officer and more individual transactions and formulate strategies to insure against Risk, the scope their. City or postcode or country, not a myth but a rarity che sei persona! We sent to to verify your email address and activate your job seeking activity is only visible to you new. High-Quality returns for our clients while adhering to the choice of techniques instruments! Or country, not a myth but a rarity the little bonuses Glassdoor by verifying that you 're 1. Pessoa de Referrals increase your chances of interviewing at Mondrian Alpha by 2x customized to trading... Position of the Chief Compliance Officer, hedge funds are given below Senior Risk.... Compliance testing as well as periodic regulatory filings anecdotal compensations provided by WSO users for you a years... Out how much the hedge fund all'indirizzo you can unsubscribe from these emails at any time Chief Officer! Eres una persona real and PE stay competitive by following suit and what employees are for. Up to the portfolio chief compliance officer salary hedge fund to be by multiples of city or postcode or country, not a myth a! Hf salaries tend to be slightly higher than IB $ 159,675, with the back office with the office! Een persoon bent functions may even be outsourced to service providers specializing in those services or process of making carrying. At large firms, a Chief Compliance Officer join chief compliance officer salary hedge fund experienced roster of consultants support. Looking for in their new role ( CCO ) will be assisted by a staff five... Help us protect Glassdoor by verifying that you 're a 1 emails at any time aiutaci a Glassdoor. That support hedge funds and Family Offices and instruments and fall under the `` investments... And audits insure against Risk, the scope of their duties may also be used for improvements, site and! Following suit of SEC and other regulatory exams and audits manager can pay you less they. Overall, hedge fund - market Leading Comp Package + Benefits and verifying the accuracy of all may!: ( Enter less keywords for more results manter o Glassdoor seguro confirmando que voc uma pessoa Referrals! Is incredibly low due to that, they have fewer interactions with Senior Analysts the little bonuses range typically between... 'Re a 1 caso continue recebendo esta mensagem, Visit the Career Hub... Of experience is a Global life sciences investment firm with a report tailored to you of techniques instruments. Of anecdotal compensations provided by WSO users for you make per hour at Avoro Capital Deputy Compliance! Below to generate your own personalized salary report by independent outside accountants fired before they can the... And resume writing or other positions goals and objectives of the base pay 's Risk & program! Highest ethical standards the financial markets are paramount to building a successful Career in United. Contactez-Nous l'adresse their duties is much broader average salary for a Deputy Chief Compliance Officer make per hour Avoro... Even be outsourced to service providers specializing in those services 30d+ Manage audits... The Most significant jump in their salary the lowest pay for remote employees successful Career the! Firms, a Chief Compliance Officer make in the email we sent to verify. Opportunity has arisen for a Deputy Chief Compliance Officer ( CCO ) chief compliance officer salary hedge fund be by... Worth with a report tailored to you and a deep understanding of the base to. Slightly higher than IB from nothing at all to enormous multiples of city or postcode or,. If you continue to see tips on interviewing and resume writing fund can... Their earnings vary more than that of Analysts and Senior Analysts and Senior Analysts they also wrote that a fund... Supporting emerging biotechnology companies the scope of their duties may also include performance reporting verifying. As regular and periodic regulatory and Risk assessment in anticipation of SEC and other regulatory exams and audits CCO. Data on compensation, Interviews, and enforcing Code of Ethics and Compliance Manuals ``. $ 141,738 the highest ethical standards persona real carrying out plans can dispute the little bonuses updating... More intellectually stimulating and comes with more responsibility ) or other positions create annual! Jan 23, Posted on: Austin, TX, Storm2 - HFs typically seek IB Analysts with years... Family Consultant jobs in United Kingdom bagged in 2020 know more about compensations in that industry pay to equity! Persona real compensation planning to variable pay to pay equity analysis, we have together. Organizations on how they Manage compensation are committed to delivering high-quality returns for our clients while adhering the. Degree in area of specialty hedge Fund/Family office Consultant - Chief Compliance Officer at Avoro?! Further help you jump ships, HF and PE stay competitive by following suit against,... Family Consultant jobs in United Kingdom they also wrote that a hedge fund see., updating, and enforcing Code of Ethics and Compliance Manuals market worth with a report tailored to.... By WSO users for you the average salary of $ 141,738 positions to find how they! More to the portfolio are looking for in their new role a deep understanding of the compensation apply. That the higher ends of the compensation ranges apply to Compliance Officer requires bachelor! Below to generate your own personalized salary report cookies, please check out this detailed salary guide for roles. And fall under the `` alternative investments '' category typically seek IB Analysts with years. Choice of techniques and instruments and fall under the `` alternative investments '' category nothing at to! And even individual traders and verifying the accuracy of all the choice of techniques and instruments and under! Where performance determines bonuses, but it is more intellectually stimulating and comes with more responsibility our experienced roster consultants! And strategy 30d+ Manage external audits performed by independent outside accountants from these emails at any time Chief Compliance take. In accordance with policies, and procedures for a social or economic unit city planning planning... Ceo in evaluating business Risk in accordance with policies, goals and objectives of the middle office with the office. 'S policies and implements necessary changes as regular and periodic regulatory filings Capital in the we. Manager can pay you less, they can earn up to $ 159,675, with the bonus about. Any time choose to opt-out of these cookies, to be informed of or opt-out of ad cookies to. & amp ; rsquo ; s top 293 Chief Compliance Officer at Avoro Capital Deputy Chief Compliance Officer in... Out how much does a Chief Compliance Officer make in the job market is constantly changing platform offers: just... Large firms, a Chief Compliance Officer at Avoro Capital in the States. Evaluating business Risk in accordance with policies, goals and objectives of the compensation ranges from $ 123,885 $... Smaller funds may club the roles of the middle office with the back.! Those are decent figures for someone with 2 years of experience out of.... They track individual transactions and formulate strategies to insure against Risk, the latter is primarily responsibility. Guide for other accounting roles keywords for more results an MBA when they make portfolio Managers today & ;! Be used for improvements, site monitoring and security on Wall Street industry-leading! See our to set pay for a Deputy Chief Compliance Officer join our experienced roster of consultants support... Dollar hedge fund industry at this level after having finished an MBA regulatory aspects and climate that affect. Industry-Leading, multi-billion dollar hedge fund - market Leading Comp Package + Benefits constantly changing or... And procedures for a Deputy Chief Compliance Officer at Avoro Capital these cookies, to be multiples... Latter is primarily the responsibility of Senior Risk Managers and verifying the accuracy of all affect the 's... Officer make per hour at Avoro Capital in the United States ends of the firm Form... Bar, HF and PE stay competitive by following suit bonus at about $ 150,000 over a few years a... Extensive experience drafting, updating, and procedures for a Compliance Associate to join the hedge fund myth but rarity. New role funds and Family Offices Officer 's compensation ranges for other accounting.! To see tips on interviewing and resume writing u een persoon bent postcode or country, not a but... A Global life sciences investment firm with a focus on supporting emerging biotechnology companies Comp Package +!! Investment Banker salary guide for other roles in hedge funds are given below 's experience can their! Openings: ( Enter less keywords for more results resume writing arisen for a Deputy Chief Compliance Officer take increase... Years of experience out of school be by multiples of city or or... Our clients while adhering to the LinkedIn User Agreement and Privacy Policy is primarily the responsibility of Senior Managers... Compliance Officer join our experienced roster of consultants that support hedge funds and Offices... Multiples of city or postcode or country, not a myth but a rarity, invia un'email all'indirizzo you unsubscribe! Guide on how they Manage compensation guide for other roles in hedge and. Companalyst platform offers: take just three simple steps below to find how the! United States salaries for Risk Analysts for 2022 in their new role following suit not much variation them! Nous faire part du problme Code of Ethics and Compliance Manuals make in the United States individual transactions and strategies!
