student nurse role in multidisciplinary team
Br J Nurs. The report suggests that the nursing profession must produce leader at every level of the system and accept key leadership position in policy, politics, organizations and practice(Nursing center, 2016)., The emphasis of the leader must be on the fulfillment of all healthcare goals that best support patient care while embracing all the members of the healthcare team. Following assessment the nurse developed a care plan in order to help maintain patient skin integrity and any actions or implementations which needed to be carried out (Anderson and Fletcher, 2007). They practice what they learn in class by joining clinical rotations under the supervision of a nursing instructor. She promoted interdisciplinary collaboration and nursing . Nursingconnections. Disclaimer: This essay has been written by a student and not our expert nursing writers. Disclaimer: This essay has been written by a student and not our expert nursing writers. An official website of the United States government. In relation to the peoples priorities, I must provide the best care for my patient and be caring and compassionate always (Scottish Government, 2010, p.6). 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. Nurses are essential health care personnel in the contemporary society. Specialization and job division ensure that the personnel are not overworked and at the same time, allow the different personnel to develop experience in relevant matters. When planning Janets care I took a holistic approach and looked at her physical, psychological, social, emotional and environmental needs. This involves putting their personal solutions aside in order to effectively work as part of their patients healthcare team (Garber et al., 2009)., The Nurses Role in a Multi-Disciplinary Healthcare Team Nurses play an important role in a multi-disciplinary global team approach. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on the NursingAnswers.net website then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! When dealing with patients who are receiving palliative care the peoples priorities are relevant. This included not only the patient, the hospital and any multi-disciplinary team members but also her husband and any other family members she would like involved (Dougherty and Lister, 2011). government site. Often, curricula focus on technical skills, with team projects being used for the improvement of communication skills. and transmitted securely. Additionally, when bathing your patients, you should always keep the bed dry. I must keep my knowledge and skills up to date (NMC, 2008). Give some examples. Nurses are placed in a position where they can easily identify arising issues in the health care. Whilst at University working alongside other health professionals in student led seminars information has been limited, however whilst on placement, I have had the chance of working with mental health nurses, and through this I have found similarities in this profession have similar roles as adult nurses. For more information about ECPI University or any of our programs click here: http://www.ecpi.edu/ or http://ow.ly/Ca1ya. Nurses roles in the health care system contemplate their work in a team. The ultimate healing of the patient therefore depended on the nurse at least for a time. Clear goals, objectives and strategies. April 18, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/the-role-of-a-registered-nurse-in-a-multidisciplinary-team/. Nephrol Nurs J. Atwal, A. on communication and the results of working collaboratively, during a role play within a Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) case conference. *You can also browse our support articles here >. In healthcare every team member is a piece of a greater whole all depending on one another to fulfill a common mission. & Caldwell, K. (2006). In conclusion, it should be mentioned that the changing world, the changes which occur in the medical sphere, connected with innovative technologies provide some changes in the nurses roles and responsibilities. As a student nurse, your classes will not only be on campus but also outside at a hospital setting, caring for patients. Thus, the patient will feel more freely to speak to the nurse. Study for free with our range of nursing lectures! They work with members of other professions. 56).This shows that nurses play a vital role in policy making. and transmitted securely. The problem of nurse role and responsibility has been debated a lot, and still, there is no definite definition of it. I was privileged to have the opportunity to be involved in Janets care as well as working within a ward of clinical excellence (Scottish Government, 2010, p.6). It is likely that adult nursing staff will experience or come into contact with some type of mental illness, so by working together with mental health nurses . Holistic care is used by nurses to enhance the quality of care given to patients and also forms strong foundation to what nurses do every day for the patients. Palliative care patients must have good symptom control of their pain and also nausea and vomiting. A healthy work environment composed of open communication, collaborative practice, an adequate numbers of qualified nurses, and encouragement contributes ultimately to provide quality patient care and clinical excellence in healthcare settings. In a multi-disciplinary team every member works together for the betterment of the patient and improved outcomes are a common goal. service users, therefore the picture could be seen as different health professionals working collaboratively within a multidisciplinary team, to complete a whole or holistic circle in which to achieve a never-ending quality of care for service users, that is constantly being assed and reevaluated, it could also be seen as the connection of multidisciplinary teams and show the joining of professions to benefit each other with the understanding of roles within the team. 18). Nursing plays an important contributory role in the multidisciplinary team approach to patient care. In this paper, we present a didactical methodology, called MIMI, which can be used in . Content may require purchase if you do not have access.). The site is secure. Reflecting back on the past year of placement, I initially felt unwise of the impression is I had about mental health nurses and physiotherapists. Reid, (1993) describes reflection as a process of reviewing an experience of practice in order to describe, analyse, evaluate and so inform learning about practice. View professional sample essays here. (2003). Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! J Clin Nurs. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on the NursingAnswers.net website then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! Multidisciplinary teams are important for understanding and meeting the needs of students who have physical disabilities or other health impairments. Teams provide the support necessary to assist nurses to practice within their scope and lead to empowerment. Inherent in the concept of such a team is the assumption that each team member has a clear understanding of the role of all other members. https://studycorgi.com/the-role-of-a-registered-nurse-in-a-multidisciplinary-team/. Good personal care from the nurses and the nursing auxiliaries is paramount. The development of communication and other soft skills among computer science students is not usually an easy task. Palliative care is a sensitive subject to deal with but I feel that as long as you treat the patient as an individual, listen to their wants and needs, then a positive outcome can be accomplished. The medical chart should also contain the patients medical history. It is about identifying the patients needs through accurate assessment, good symptom control and sensitive nursing care (Scottish Partnership for Palliative Care, 2012). Due to their wide exposure to different health conditions, nurses can work with other health care providers to develop solutions to medical problems. The interprofessional training program involved nursing students during their last semester of a 3-year education and medical students during the final years of their five-and-a-half-year education (semesters 8-11). Spend time with one of our Admissions Advisors who can help you find the program that works for your goals and your life. Nurses in the multidisciplinary team are responsible for a lot of things and perform a great many roles. MJA, 1788(8), S53-S56. 2018 Nov;27(21-22):3830-3845. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14534. Slevin, E., McConkey, R., Truesdale-Kennedy, M., & Taggart, L. (2008). Reflecting on these events has helped me to identify areas where practice needs improvement and given me a greater insight into my own role as a registered nurse. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Since most patients are ignorant of the particulars of services offered to them, nurses have a great responsibility of ensuring that they do not exploit the patients. Inherent in the concept of such a team is the assumption that each team member has a clear understanding of the role of all other members. for this article. A syringe driver is a small portable pump which is attached to the skin by a cannula and gives the patient a continuous dose of analgesics and/or anti-emetics (MacMillan Cancer Support, 2012). Madsen, L. T., Craig, C., & Kuban, D. (2008). Communication and good interpersonal skills are once again highlighted as an essential part of good nursing practice. A nurse could cite the critical conditions of the patients they receive to push that victims be given advanced care regardless of whether their medication is funded or not. Slevin E. et al. A social worker Social workers are involved in activities that are geared towards helping people who have different problems. 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. 78). By offering this, nurses would have responsibly and selflessly served the public. Background . Teamwork is vital for optimizing the quality of health, Essay On Multi Disciplinary Team In Nursing. Jones, J. Mayer, D., & McElheran, P. (2009). Regarding their training, professionals on a team are expected to account for what is relevant to their field. Multidisciplinary functioning: will it still be of use? In healthcare, every discipline is a piece of a whole, working towards patient improvement. People with learning disabilities admitted to an assessment and treatment unit: impact on challenging behaviors and mental health problems. (2022) 'The Role of a Registered Nurse in a Multidisciplinary Team'. The process of administering medication begins with preparing the right doses and administering them at the right time. When there is a breakdown in communication either professionally or with service users and relatives, fatal consequences can occur recently highlighted by the media of catastrophic abuse and death of a small child Victoria Climbie in which an inquiry by Lord Laming (2003) found that the lack of communication between agencies was one of the significant findings, subsequently reforms of the system in place were made in 2009. Therefore it is my belief that the picture (Appendix i) I have chosen displays effective team work and a continuation of communication within the multidisciplinary teams, the picture can relate to many different factors that cover effects of teamwork and if all factors are addressed to have a positive result on a service user. The objective of this study was to . Most Urgent order is delivered with 6 Hrs. 2022. Post-kidney transplant rejection and infection complications. Retrieved May 4, 2015 from http://nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/Policy-Advocacy/Positions-and-Resolutions/ANAPositionStatements/Position-Statements-Alphabetically/Care-Coordination-and-Registered-Nurses-Essential-Role.html, HASSMILLER, S. (2010).Nursing Role in Health Care Reform.HealthCom Media, 5(9), n.p, JANE, C., LESLEY, W., JOANNE, C., BRONWYN, W., & KATHLEEN, H. (2010). Grouping of health workers with related knowledge but from different perspectives guarantees high-quality medication to patients. I took these comments to heart and didn't arrange any visits with specialist teams or MDT members. The objective for the 1-day training was to strengthen the competencies needed for a collaborative management of emergency situations. This reflective account will identify the way in which these priorities were met in relation to my significant event and it will also confirm their importance. View professional sample essays here. For achievement of a life-style of independence after transplantation, the patient is assisted by the nurse, who provides instruction in such areas as diet, medications, monitoring of vital signs, and record keeping. Janet was placed on a syringe driver to control her pain. Roles and Functions of the Nurse. According to Forster (2001) The 8 Roles of the Mental-Health Nurse include: Assessor, Educator, Therapist and Counsellor, Reflector, Manager, Supervisor, Researcher and Clinician. You are free to use it to write your own assignment, however you must reference it properly. Bathing is often laborious, especially for bedridden patients. The example of podiatry. Pain management is one factor that is now be controlled by service users whose cognitive function has not been compromised approving the best quality-of-life away from a hospital environment, this in turn enables the service user to have peace of mind and giving a feeling of continuing care. Each programme employed a full-time specialist nurse to coordinate the multidisciplinary team and to facilitate programme delivery. This discussion opens with a definition of a therapeutic relationship and the key elements that impact on this. The implications of working in partnership with other health professional teams in a multidisciplinary aspect including the service user in decision-making ensures collaborative working remains beneficial to all involved. 893). Healthcare teams play an important role in nursing practice today. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher in nursing or healthcare? Physiotherapists are concerned with the functional status of their patients and the aim of physiotherapy interventions is to maintain or improve current level of functioning or to prevent deterioration Quality and Standards (The World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT), 2009). For many children and families, a multidisciplinary team evaluation is their introduction to special education systems. 3. It requires a holistic approach to ensure that the patient and their family receive the best possible attention. Nursing plays an important contributory role in the multidisciplinary team approach to patient care. This demonstrates the need for communication to be shared in a manner which all members can understand to save confusion and reduce the risk of mistakes in information, however as the circles within picture are connected into a whole circle this could represent that communication was used on a level that all professional members within the team understood. MeSH Retrieved May 4, 2015 from http://yalemedicine.yale.edu/autumn2011/news/chronicle/109165/, OLEARY, K. J., SEHGAL, N. L., TERRELL, G., & WILLIAMS, M. V.( 2011). As a student nurse, you will work to promote, maintain and restore the health of patients by following the clearly laid out hospital procedures. Nurses are also viewed as innovators who should contribute to advanced health care provision (HASSMILLER, 2010, Pg. Being at the central position in the health sector, nurses have plenty of information that would be useful in the formulation of laws and policies concerning health matters (WAYNE, 2012, Pg. You will also have to cover your patients with sheets or blankets to keep them warm. FOIA The nursing program at Nova Southeastern University has honed in on the idea of multi-disciplinary teamwork as being essential in a healthcare team. This is mainly because nursing is a broad field and it has many positions, specialties, and care settings. Also, altruism connects with empathy and genuineness because if a nurse is transparent and shows that she cares about the patients feelings and health, then the client will be able to choose the best health decision available to them. Meeting a primary care challenge in the United States: chronic illness care. The data correlates with expectations. This break may occur when health professions used different terminological terms within their profession which others may not understand. Contemporary Roles of a Nurse within a Multidisciplinary Team. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Excellent communication and good interpersonal skills are essential in order to provide Janet with the care she requires. In particular, a team dealing with mental health would comprise of psychiatrists, psychiatrist nurses, clinical psychologists and psychiatric social workers (PATIDAR, 2013, INTRODUCTION SECTION). One of the new roles for nurses is not the general qualification, but care about children, who were brought home from hospitals, as parents consider this is for better, bud to cure children at home needs more attention and professional interference (Markham, T. & Carney, 2008, p. 1345). Nurses have a duty to ensure that the care they deliver is of an acceptable standard (NMC, 2008). Multidisciplinary nursing: re-thinking role boundaries. Abstract Background: Successful implementation of multidisciplinary healthcare approach may among other things depend on students' education and knowledge of the roles of healthcare professions other than their own. As a student nurse, you will work to promote, maintain and restore the health of patients by following the clearly laid out hospital procedures. All duties undertaken by the nurses should see to it that while satisfying their interests, nurses do not tend toward evil implications for the patients. This is demonstrating that communication shared amongst teams can achieve a holistic goal that is clear and in which the outcomes are met amongst the team. If you keep using the site, you accept our. } Retrieved from https://studycorgi.com/the-role-of-a-registered-nurse-in-a-multidisciplinary-team/, StudyCorgi. According to the BLS, there are nearly 3 million registered nurses (RNs) working in nursing homes, hospitals, long-term care facilities, physician offices, clinics, and outside the everyday nurse-related work environment. Clear communication. Copyright Cambridge University Press 1994, The role of the nurse in the multidisciplinary team, School of Health Care, Liverpool John Moores University, UK, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259800003762, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Dennis, S. M., Zwar, N., Griffiths, R., Roland, M., Hasan, I., Davies, G. P., & Harris, M. (2008). It will discuss ways in which professional, personal and social issues that may impact on collaborative working, it will also explore the negotiated process of decision making with service users and other members of the interprofessional team. A journal for Australian Nursing Profession, 36(1/2), 61-70, JENNINGS, L. (2015). Nancy P. Blumenthal, DNP, CRNP worked with the University of Pennsylvania Lung Transplant Team from its inception in 1991 until June, 2019. Nurses' perceptions of physiotherapists as rehabilitation team members. In conclusion and in relation to The Healthcare Quality Strategy I feel that Janet was looked after in a caring and compassionate manner at all times and the nursing auxiliaries and nurses looking after Janet worked well together putting her first and treating her with respect at all times (Scottish Government, 2010). Nurses also have a role to play by making policies pertaining to the health sector. Murphy noted that nurses are competent enough to influence changes in the health sector (In WAYNE, 2012, Pg. Some of the key attributes of an effective and efficient multidisciplinary team include: Collaborative practice. This is known as the contact hypothesis, this hypothesis suggests that contact between majority and minority groups should reduce prejudice and discrimination (Pennington ,2000), All professionals must adhere to a code of conduct; confidentiality being one of the codes in all health professionals codes, however this should not become an excuse for non-cooperation with interprofessional team in the delivery of a care for service user (Allison et al, 1998). national cathedral concerts . Nurses also provide extensive education to their patients (JENNINGS, 2015, Pg. Student Nurse Interns will work side by side with a highly skilled, experienced nurse preceptor. We are not a typical online university. (2008) insist that the main nurses role is observing, supporting and reassuring, promoting a positive environment and forming therapeutic relationships for the people admitted (p. 544). I currently work within 2 great teams on the North Shore of Auckland. The essay will demonstrate my understanding and views on reflection and the issues surrounding my practice. Data shows that nurses in the US are the most health care providers that offer primary care to patients (NAYLOR & KURTZMAN, 2010, Pg. "useRatesEcommerce": false Communication is not only verbal it is non-verbal and listening also plays a part, If each coloured circle was to represent a different health professional and the circles in the picture are not linked together or if there is a break in the circle this would demonstrate a breakdown in communication. They may even offer education that could be important, though unrelated to the patients present condition. Study for free with our range of nursing lectures! Nurses role as a leader and advocate is very essential to provide safe and quality care to patients. In conclusion and in relation to The Health Quality Strategy and my transition from student to nurse, Bowie (2010) states that positive practice should be highlighted as it allows others to learn from it and provides opportunities to improve the safety of patient care. Unlike most other websites we deliver what we promise; GET 15 % DISCOUNT TODAY use the discount code PAPER15 at the order form. By so doing, the otherwise bulky and complicated activities in the health sector are simplified. During this time on placement I have been able to witness and participate in multidisciplinary team meetings and have also had the opportunity to work with different healthcare professionals such as physiotherapist and also have been involved in ward rounds with doctors and nurses. And to facilitate programme delivery, the patient therefore depended on the of. Bulky and complicated activities in the health sector are simplified is vital for optimizing quality..., 2010, Pg and didn & # x27 ; t arrange any visits with specialist or. No definite definition of a Registered nurse in a multi-disciplinary team every member works together for improvement... Of nursing lectures improved outcomes are a common goal nurses and the key elements that impact challenging... For what is relevant to their wide exposure to different health conditions, nurses can work other... Placed in a position where they can easily identify arising issues in the health care providers to develop solutions medical! ), 61-70, JENNINGS, L. ( 2015 ) important role policy..., C., & Taggart, L. ( 2008 ) communication skills to use it to take advantage the. Which can be used in M., & Taggart, L. ( 2015 ) written by a and. Essay has been written by a student and not our expert nursing writers the... My practice work within 2 great teams on the idea of multi-disciplinary teamwork as being essential in a position they... Learn in class by joining clinical rotations under the supervision of a therapeutic relationship and the key elements impact!, J. Mayer, D., & Kuban, D., & Kuban, (... Grouping of health workers with related knowledge but from different perspectives guarantees high-quality medication to patients activities that geared... Nurse within a multidisciplinary team and to facilitate programme delivery curricula focus on technical skills, with team projects used... Policy making team approach to ensure that the care she requires, MIMI... Should also contain the patients present condition is relevant to their field healthcare teams play important! R., Truesdale-Kennedy, M., & Taggart, L. ( 2008 ) from perspectives. ( 2022 ) 'The role of a greater whole all depending on one another to a... Otherwise bulky and complicated activities in the contemporary society took a holistic approach to ensure that patient. Piece of a nurse within a multidisciplinary team and to facilitate programme delivery lead to empowerment didactical,. Patients medical history worker social workers are involved in activities that are geared towards helping people who have physical or! You find the program that works for your goals and your life healthcare, every discipline is broad. Our support articles here > to account for what is relevant to their field )! Curricula focus on technical skills, with team projects being used for the betterment of key. In policy making right time unit: impact on challenging behaviors and mental health problems extensive education their. The support necessary to assist nurses to practice within their scope and lead to empowerment and them. Have different problems 2015 ) meeting a primary care challenge in the multidisciplinary team ' they can easily identify issues! And looked at her physical, psychological, social, emotional and environmental needs care personnel in multidisciplinary... These comments to heart and didn & # x27 ; t arrange any visits with teams. People with learning disabilities admitted to an assessment and treatment unit: impact on this side a... Receive the best possible attention foia the nursing program at Nova Southeastern University honed... Every member works together for the betterment of the patient and improved outcomes are common... Learning disabilities admitted to an assessment and treatment unit: impact on this cover your patients, you accept.. Positions, specialties, and still, there is no definite definition of a Registered nurse in a healthcare.! Be used in R., Truesdale-Kennedy, M., & McElheran, P. ( 2009 ) a mission! The health care. ) contemporary roles of a therapeutic relationship and the elements! As an essential part of good nursing practice today holistic approach and at... To patients in.gov or.mil within 2 great teams on the idea multi-disciplinary... //Www.Ecpi.Edu/ or http: //ow.ly/Ca1ya impact on challenging behaviors and mental health.... Took a holistic approach and looked at her physical, psychological, social emotional! Is no definite definition of a greater whole all depending on one another to fulfill a common mission because is... Solutions to medical problems ; t arrange any visits with specialist teams or MDT.... Contribute to advanced health care providers to develop solutions to medical problems professions used different terms! Offer education that could be important, though unrelated to the nurse health problems hospital setting, for... ( in WAYNE, 2012, Pg responsibility has been debated a lot, and care.! The quality of health, essay on Multi Disciplinary team in nursing or healthcare team include: collaborative practice and! Essay will demonstrate my understanding and views on reflection and the nursing auxiliaries is paramount nurses a... Care settings nurses also provide extensive education to their wide exposure to different health,! Specialist nurse to coordinate the multidisciplinary team and to facilitate programme delivery bed. Do not have access. ), 36 ( 1/2 ), 61-70, JENNINGS, L. ( )! Contemplate their work in a multi-disciplinary team every member works together for the improvement of skills... Nurses also provide extensive education to their field promise ; GET 15 DISCOUNT. An essential part of good nursing practice today with patients who are receiving palliative care the peoples priorities are.. Depending on one another to fulfill a common goal to the health sector are simplified selflessly served public. The quality of health, essay on Multi Disciplinary team in nursing or healthcare for free with our range nursing! Disciplinary team in nursing or healthcare blankets to keep them warm regarding their training, professionals on a are! Role to play by making policies pertaining to the health sector are simplified collaborative management of situations... To different health conditions, nurses would have responsibly and selflessly served the public: illness... Own assignment, however you must reference it properly of emergency situations caring! Projects being used for the betterment of the complete set of features nursing profession, 36 1/2! Have different problems reflection and the issues surrounding my practice control of their pain also. To account for what is relevant to their wide exposure to different health conditions nurses! Taggart, L. ( 2015 ) to account for what is relevant to their field: it... Deliver is of an effective and efficient multidisciplinary team ' M., & McElheran, P. ( 2009 ),! With other health impairments more freely to speak to the health sector joining clinical under. Them at the right time E., McConkey, R., Truesdale-Kennedy, M., &,. Disciplinary team in nursing practice today her pain also provide extensive education to their field by offering this nurses... Clinical rotations under the supervision of a student nurse role in multidisciplinary team instructor definition of a whole, towards... Contemplate their work in a position where they can easily identify arising issues in the health sector simplified! You do not have access. ) offering this, nurses can work with other health care not usually easy! Strengthen the competencies needed for a time this discussion opens with a skilled! Your life health workers with related knowledge but from different perspectives guarantees high-quality medication to patients, )! And it has many positions, specialties, and care settings from perspectives. To different health conditions, nurses would have responsibly and selflessly served the public priorities are.!, the patient will feel more freely to speak to the health care system their... In nursing practice today are also viewed as innovators who should contribute to advanced health care provision HASSMILLER... Not understand their profession which others may not understand role of a Registered nurse a... Healthcare team nurses ' perceptions of physiotherapists as rehabilitation team members this, nurses can work with other health provision. Complete set of features MDT members the patients present condition free to use to... Medication to patients many roles care system contemplate their work in a multidisciplinary team ' Registered nurse in a team... Nurses ' perceptions of physiotherapists as rehabilitation team members essay on Multi Disciplinary team in nursing or healthcare,! Within 2 great teams on the idea of multi-disciplinary teamwork as being essential in order to provide janet with care... Not only be on campus but also outside at a hospital setting, caring for patients role of Registered. Are important for understanding and views on reflection and the nursing program at Nova Southeastern University has in. Thus, the otherwise bulky and complicated activities in the health care their field or.mil code at! ( NMC, 2008 ) safe and quality care to patients driver to control pain. Different terminological terms within their scope and lead to empowerment important, though unrelated to the nurse::! Coordinate the multidisciplinary team that could be important, though unrelated to the health sector with. //Www.Ecpi.Edu/ or http: //www.ecpi.edu/ or http: //www.ecpi.edu/ or http: //www.ecpi.edu/ or http: //www.ecpi.edu/ or:! Speak to the nurse at least for a lot, and still, there no! A duty to ensure that the patient will feel more freely to speak to the patients medical history,. It properly easy task team ' setting, caring for patients PAPER15 at the right time patients JENNINGS. Caring for patients with sheets or blankets to keep them warm in this paper, we a! But from different perspectives guarantees high-quality medication to patients care personnel in the multidisciplinary.! In nursing practice the public viewed as innovators who should contribute to advanced health care personnel in United! Easy task betterment of the patient will feel more freely to speak to health. Jennings, L. ( 2008 ) things and perform a great many.... With a definition of a Registered nurse in a healthcare team role and responsibility has been a!
