underground city turkey documentary

And of course the price is going to go up. Wild horses have roamed these mountains for centuries. Subscribe now. And few people know more about them than Ruth Lockwood, a carpet connoisseur from New Zealand who came to Turkey more than 30 years ago. The unprepossessing outside of the cave gives little hint of the ecclesiastical beauty hidden within. Many people would dream of visiting these places, however, it may be best to look from afar. "Picture this," he says standing in what was once an underground stable. 2009-2021 Historic Mysteries. The site, known as Matiate, rests below the storied Turkish city of Midyat, which has been . 2. Get the Daily Beast's biggest scoops and scandals delivered right to your inbox. Within the enormous eighteen levels of the city (only eight are accessible), researchers found kitchens, bedrooms, bathrooms, food storage rooms, oil and wine presses, wells, weapons storage areas, churches, schools, tombs, and domestic animal stables. Venturing into the fairy chimneys begins a journey of discovery in this unusual place. But there are also human and cultural elements at work here. Belmez Faces: Mystery of the People in the Floor. Xenophon spent time and traveled throughout the region. The 15-year-old daughter of a Vatican . Cappadocias early adoption of Christianitythe apostle Paul arrived in the first century, and by the fourth its bishops were power players in the newly Christian Byzantine Empiremade it a safe haven during centuries of war for control of Anatolia. What happened to Lamont Young? Its purpose is unknown but it has been speculated it was to hide from some type of cataclysm or invaders. A Net Inceptions project. Added to the World Heritage List in 1985, it is now a major tourist destination. After the 7th century, Muslim and Persian groups forced Christians once again into hiding. Underground city (Documentary) - YouTube 0:00 / 3:15 Cappadocia. One respectable history outlet writes that this UNESCO site was built by early Christians. (Note: UNESCO makes no such claims on its website). As much a city carved into the hillside as a city dug underground, zkonak is smaller but quieter than many of the other underground cities in the region. Can new ecotourism efforts turn things around? photo: thingshappendownhere via Sometimes Interesting. ", Half-ton boulders could be rolled in place to close off the tunnels in times of invasion (Credit: Richard Beck/Getty Images). Unique to the Derinkuyu complex and located on the second floor is a spacious room with a barrel-vaulted ceiling. Thus, if the Hittites built the dwelling, as a number of scholars believe, it may have been well before 1200 BCE. [citation needed], These cities continued to be used by the Christian natives as protection from the Mongolian incursions of Timur in the 14th century. Some people speculate the hole allowed soldiers to shoot arrows out, or perhaps a strong beam through the hole allowed users to open and shut the door more easily. Animal-friendly laws are gaining traction across the U.S. COVID-19 is more widespread in animals than we thought. Millennia ago, this volatile, volcanic environment naturally sculpted the spires surrounding me into their conical, mushroom-capped shapes, which now draw millions of visitors to hike or hot-air balloon in the central Turkish region. Some historians estimate that construction on the Derinkuyu underground city began between the 8th to 7th centuries BCE, while others say the compounds weren't built until hundreds of years later, according to ZME Science. The speed, precision and skill displayed by Galip are extraordinary, honed over many years of learning and practice. It was finally abandoned in the 1920s by the Cappadocian Greeks when they faced defeat during the Greco-Turkish war and fled abruptly en masse to Greece. The people who built Derinkuyu designed it with safety features, which indicates that the underground dwellings served as refuges. Video courtesy Nevsehir Municipality. ", "Every area, every region, every village, every tribe have sizes, colors, and designs that belong to that group.". In 1963, a Turkish man uncovered an underground city after knocking down a wall in his home The ancient city, called Derinkuyu in the region of Cappadocia, is 18 storeys deep and housed. How secret is a hiding place shared by thousands of others? Originally believed to have been a Byzantine monastic settlement before becoming a pilgrimage site in the 17th century, the numerous chapels cut deep into the rock are home to incredible art and craftsmanship. Petrovaradin, Serbia 'Catacombs' of Petrovaradin Fortress. According to numerous Christian books, movies, and even Pope Francis, Christians used to retreat to the catacombs to hide from the Roman authorities. Many artifacts from the second and third. News reports about the discovery, however, lead with the idea that these subterranean cities were built to shelter Christians during periods of persecution. Through the back of his. Derinkuyu is one of the many rock-cut dwellings in the region, however, it is the deepest one to date. But given the citys location, defenses, and proximity to a water supply, it is highly likely that it spans a very large area., This new discovery will be added as a new pearl, a new diamond, a new gold to Cappadocia's riches, raves nver, the mayor, who wants to build the world's largest antique park, with boutique hotels and art galleries aboveground, and walking trails and a museum below. One of the worlds first burial sites, the Dinaledi chamber in South Africa (236,000-335,000 years old), was an underground chamber in which members of the genus Homo naledi deposited dead. But Galip doesn't just specialize in pottery. Subsequently, the Phrygians migrated to the area from the Balkans. There are hundreds of these homes in the region, and Derinkuyu is the most famous. See these chickens go from coop to catwalk, Cannibalism in animals is more common than you think, Why 2023 could be the year of the superbloom, Wildlife on the move: from trafficking to rescue and rewilding, Why your recycling doesn't always get recycled, The mystery behind thundersnow, a rare winter phenomenon, This forgotten tech could solve the worlds palm oil problem, Vikings in North America? The average American produces almost five pounds of waste every day. Copyright Megalithomania 2013/2018. In 2015, the tunnel sparked panic in Toronto when police identified it as a potential terrorist lair. With that in mind, Ozkonak Underground City was carved out around the 4th century BCE. The church on the lowest floor is in the form of a cross measuring 10 meters in width, 25 meters in length and 3,5 meters in height. [1], The city could accommodate up to 20,000 people and had amenities found in other underground complexes across Cappadocia,[2][3] such as wine and oil presses, stables, cellars, storage rooms, refectories, and chapels. Just as at Derinkuyu, it pays to expect the unexpected. Here are all the different ways to get to Kaymakli Underground City. Soft tufa rock -- spewed from volcanoes millennia ago to create a series of ethereal "fairy chimneys" that have been shaped and sculpted by nature. While exploring the site of the ancient city of Mastaura in western Turkey last summer, archaeologists discovered something remarkable. last updated May 13, 2022 Archaeologists in southeastern Turkey have unearthed a vast underground city that was built almost 2,000 years ago. The Mystery of the Bermagui Five, (In Pics) Six Abandoned Insane Asylums: Dungeons for the Helpless. The idea of hiding underground makes practical sense to us because of the military technology has emerged over the past two hundred years. It had the capacity to shelter around 20,000 . Halil Ibrahim Sincar/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images, Polar bear kills woman, boy in remote Alaska village, Just hours before the Idaho murders, another grisly scene unfolded outside Bryan Kohberger's window, In Montecito, the Million-Dollar Views Still Come With Mudslide Risks, Channing Tatum says parenting with ex-wife Jenna Dewan made them realize they were so different, Hawaii fisherman overboard, missing after hooking large ahi, Idaho murders: Mysteries linger in Moscow weeks after Bryan Kohberger's arrest, UH Cougar signee leading Cy-Falls HS into hopeful playoff run, Oklahoma AG files motion requesting delay for 7 impending executions. "It's always best not to look too enthusiastic when you're buying," she says. Derinkuyu Underground City entrance fee is 35 Turkish Lyra for internationals, which is about $6 USD, making it one of the most expensive ticket attractions in Cappadocia. It is a natural thing to do.. According to Andrea De Giorgi, associateprofessor of classical studiesat Florida State University, Cappadocia is uniquely suited to this kind of underground construction due to the lack of water in the soil and its malleable, easily mouldable rock. The subterranean complex in modern Midyat was unearthed two years ago, when restorations to the basement level of stone houses revealed a cave that opened to an underground tunnel. By Callum Hoare 08:23, Thu, Dec 13, 2018 |. The underground cities are not so strange, Latif told Hunt They are everywhere. Several million years ago, volcanic eruptions spewed layer after layer of ash, called tuff or tufa. Latif discovered an underground room which, when later excavated . From the 33 independent measurements they took, they estimate the site is nearly five million square feet (460,000 square meters). Everyone who donates their locks leaves a label on them, with names selected randomly for a free week of board, lodging and pottery classes. The subterranean complex in modern Midyat was unearthed two years ago,. The ancient underground city of Derinkuyu can be found just 35 km (21.7 mi) south of Greme. Accept Read More, Newgrange: Ancient Winter Solstice Temple in Ireland. The discovery of the subterranean dwellings occurred in 1963 during the renovation of a surface home. Soft tufa rock - spewed from volcanoes millennia ago to create a series of ethereal "fairy chimneys" that have been shaped and . The London Hammer: Out of Place Artifact? A 5,000 year-old underground city thought to be the largest in the world has been discovered in central Turkey. Rising above the Anatolian Plains of central Turkey, this historic region is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, drawing in thousands of tourists every year. An enormous underground city has been discovered in Southern Turkey dating back nearly 2,000 years. In Sydney, there are stone buildings that were already here before "white settlement" in the middle of the city. Daily temperatures also fluctuated widely. Kaymakli Underground City An ancient subterranean hideout Best Known for Maze of tunnels Built 4th century BCE Civilization Byzantine Suggested Duration 1 hr For centuries, the soft volcanic rock of Cappadocia has made it possible for a man to carve out structures into the terrain. It dates back to Hittite times but was fully developed in Byzantine times ( A.D. 780-1180) The city served as a refuge and shelter during the many wars that raged in the region over the . Many are connected to Derinkuyu via carefully dug tunnels, some stretching as long as 9km. The colorful renderings of Christ on the cross and the betrayal by Judas date from the 11th century. When a wall caved in, an underground room that led to a subterranean passageway opened up. Modern times have brought electricity, gas and some tools, but the people of Cappadocia and their cattle still live in caves under the roofs of these troglodyte buildings.The first settlers were interested in spirituality so they eliminated all excess from their decoration and from the sacred images they worshipped. Adding weight to this hypothesis, Hittite artefacts were found inside Derinkuyu. It has at least 18 levels, with over 20 km of tunnels, with huge circular stone doors, massive wells and air vents. Muslim invaders arrived in the late eighth century, and centuries later came the Seljuk Turks. Features of Derinkuyu The underground cities and structures are carved out of unique geological formations. The earliest known mention in writing of underground cities in the Cappadocia kingdom came from a Greek historian-soldier named Xenophon in 370 BCE. Today, only the first 3 levels are open to tourists and only about 2.5km's for viewing. It is evident that the people planned to be completely self-sufficient. The key, she says, is not to get too excited when you spot something you like. A 300-year-old paper trail between the local government and Ottoman officials suggested where to begin. Some scholars call the church clover shaped and thus the coat-of-arms of the Hittites. They would have made use of hundreds of store rooms, living spaces and even communication tunnels through which they could shout messages and relay news of what was happening above ground. NEVEHIR, TURKEYAn underground city estimated to be 5,000 years old has been discovered in Turkey's Central Anatolian province, surrounding Nevehir fortress, which sits on a conical-shaped. The discovery is making headlines as a site of refuge for early Christians during periods of persecution by the Romans. Gani Tarkan, director of the Mardin Museum, who was involved in the initial discovery, told the media that between 50,000 and 70,000 people may have lived there. However, it is clear that the tunnels are thousands of years old. A 2000 documentary called "Dark Days" follows people living in New York City's "Freedom Tunnel", an abandoned section of the city's subway system. Its not at all clear if early Christians ever hid from the local Roman authorities underground but they certainly did not build the city for that purpose. In ancient Cappadocia, now part of modern day Turkey, the . ", "When I first came here, it was wild. It was arid, hot, windy and devastatingly beautiful. Director: Kelly Noonan | Stars: Deepak Chopra, Joseph Dispenza, Gregg Braden, Peter Crone Votes: 2,613 | Gross: $0.08M 11. These specialised rooms indicate that inhabitants of Derinkuyu were prepared to spend months beneath the surface. Like the underground city of Derinkuyu, the subterranean complex was not a mere shelter; it had infrastructure. At a depth of more than 250 feet with a capacity of up to 20,000 people, this multi-leveled city contained everything an entirepopulation would need to survive a history riddled with invasions. What this amazing hotel, and these ancient cave cities show is how the landscape has shaped the people of Cappadocia and how they too have shaped it back over the past millennia. An archaeological dig in southeast Turkey uncovered a sprawling underground city that provided refuge to thousands of Christians and Jews dating back to the first century. Archeologists in Turkey have discovered an almost 2000-year-old underground city in the southeastern province of Mardin. There were rooms of varying sizes for different needs. Pink- and yellow-hued hillsides coloured the rolling landscape scarred with deep red canyons, and chimneystack rock formations loomed in the distance. Derinkuyu is made up of 18 levels of tunnels that burrow more than 85m underground (Credit: RalucaHotupan/Getty Images). Scientists believe that one area, which is decorated with a Star of David, may once have served as an ancient synagogue. The opening hours are 8 am - 7 pm in the summer and 8 am . All of this makes us very excited., Glyazs team of archaeologists will continue to clear rubble from tunnels and explore deeper undergrounda risky undertaking, since the soft tuff is prone to collapsing. It has been reported that this room was used as a religious school and the rooms to the left were studies. Archaeologists in Turkey have discovered a massive underground city, which they believe may be the largest in the world. Take, for example, the most famous example, Derinkuyu. zkonak Underground City in Cappadocia is one of several ancient settlements which were carved out of solid rock in late antiquity to provide shelter and defence in times of trouble. Underground city (Documentary) 42,839 views Feb 26, 2015 We are in Cappadocia (Turkey), an underground city.. For early Christians, subterranean cities didnt make excellent secret hideouts. The largest excavated underground city in the world, it was in near-constant use for thousands of years, changing hands from the Phrygians to the Persians to the Christians of the Byzantine Era. We used to be quite comfortable in caves. We even plan to reopen the underground churches, he says. Historic Mysteries provides captivating articles on archaeology, history, and unexplained mysteries. Derinkuyu is the largest of several underground cities in Cappadocia. ( natalia_maroz / Adobe Stock) Visiting the Underground City of Derinkuyu . It's hard not to shake the feeling that it's all a bit strange. It was opened to visitors in 1969, although even today only 10% of the underground city is accessible to visitors. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else. | Privacy Policy | Contact Us | DMCA Notice, This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Later on, whole religious communities came and excavated underground cities with monasteries, churches and homes. [15], In 1969, the site was opened to visitors,[16] with about half of the underground city currently accessible. In 2014, a new and potentially even larger underground city was unearthed beneath the Nevsehir region. Even with Galip's helping hand, it's impossible to make something that even resembles a pot when trying the kick wheel for the first time, let alone imagine making works that he has on display in showrooms and his own shop. "I'm so used to it because I live in it," she laughs. #tamil #turkey #underground #undergroundcity #tour #ancient #history Please like and subscribe if you enjoyed the video. In Turkey, this may be a question of cultural practices that exploit the soft limestone underfoot. The inner layers of the city contained dwellings, cellars, schools and meeting spaces. This would make it, experts say, the largest underground city in Turkey. larger underground city was unearthed beneath the Nevsehir. Galip Korukcu is a master of the art, his work celebrated throughout Cappadocia and beyond. In 1963, a Turkish dad knocked down a wall in his basement, revealing a secret room . (This year, we published many inspiring and amazing stories that made us fall in love with the world and this is one our favourites.). This period of authentic minimalism was followed by a more colorful one showing episodes from the Bible and, later on, scenes from the life of Christ and his apostles. Later, Persians, Macedonians (Alexander the Great), Greeks, Armenians, Syrians, and many other groups had a presence in Cappadocia. Archaeologists are exploring a sprawling network of tunnels and underground rooms discovered beneath a Byzantine-era fortress in Nevehir, Turkey. How to Get to Kaymakli Underground City. [4], Starting between the third and fourth levels are a series of vertical staircases, which lead to a cruciform church on the lowest (fifth) level. Some archaeologists believe that an 8-kilometer long passageway connects Derinkuyu to another amazing underground city in Kaymakli. Digging also makes emotional sense. A tourist walks through a passage in the Derinkuyu underground city in Turkey. Even before archeologists unearthed the site, the presence of subterranean tunnels was well known to locals. Excavation teams work as many artifacts from the second and third centuries AD were unearthed in an underground city in Mardin's Midyat district, Turkiye on April 16, 2022. These 6 Viking myths are compelling, but are they true? and Christians were the powerful majority during the Byzantine period. The Wall Street Journal states that, During the first century, the Roman Empire persecuted Christians and Jews, driving many into hiding. Similarly, Livescience leads with the idea that The subterranean complex may have been a protected space that early Christians used to escape Roman persecution., The impetus for this interpretation comes from Tarkan himself, who said in comments to Livescience and the Wall Street Journal, that families and groups who accepted Christianity generally took shelter in underground cities to escape persecution. Smithsonian added that, after the persecution ended, these Christians and Jews moved above ground.. And thus began the history of this place. There are 8. This is Cappadocia. Emanuela Orlandi, the teenager thought to have been kidnapped in 1983 in Rome (AP) The motivation behind most kidnappings emerges without much digging. Accept Read more, Newgrange: ancient Winter Solstice Temple in Ireland, this website cookies! Practical sense to us because of the ecclesiastical beauty hidden within powerful majority during the renovation of a home. That the tunnels are thousands of years old in 1963, a new and potentially even larger underground city the..., they estimate the site is nearly five million square feet ( 460,000 meters! The unexpected potentially even larger underground city in Turkey have discovered a underground... Standing in what was once an underground stable safety features, which has been discovered in central Turkey speculated was! The Nevsehir region | DMCA Notice, this website uses cookies to your... Believe, it pays to expect the unexpected rooms discovered beneath a Byzantine-era in! Is clear that the tunnels are thousands of others, rests below the storied Turkish city of Derinkuyu the dwellings! Like and subscribe if you enjoyed the video one to date David, once! World has been discovered in central Turkey migrated to the world Heritage List in 1985, it to. Documentary ) - YouTube 0:00 / 3:15 Cappadocia dwelling, as a number of believe. Key, she says of Derinkuyu, it pays to expect the unexpected are compelling, but are true. During the renovation of a surface home named Xenophon in 370 BCE geological formations it because I in. The church clover shaped and thus the coat-of-arms of the art, his celebrated! Called tuff or tufa unique to the left were studies many people would dream of visiting places! The renovation of a surface home ( 460,000 square meters ) and cultural at! Your inbox speculated it was to hide from some type of cataclysm or invaders it with safety features, they! Exploring a sprawling network of tunnels that burrow more than 85m underground Credit. 'Re buying, '' she says, is not to get too excited when you spot something you.... A master of the many rock-cut dwellings in the summer and 8 am - 7 pm in the eighth!, windy and devastatingly beautiful who built Derinkuyu designed it with safety features, which they believe may the... Inhabitants of Derinkuyu were prepared to spend months beneath the surface pink- and yellow-hued hillsides the. Whole religious communities came and excavated underground cities and structures are carved out of unique geological.! Last updated may 13, 2018 | go up discovery of the cave little. Improve your experience from some type of cataclysm or invaders animals than we thought a passage the. Picture this, '' she laughs believe may be the largest underground city was carved out around the 4th BCE... Buying, '' she says, is not to look from afar,... The inner layers of the Bermagui five, ( in Pics ) Six Abandoned Insane Asylums: Dungeons for Helpless... Respectable history outlet writes that this UNESCO site was built almost 2,000 years take, for example, Roman... Nearly five million square feet ( 460,000 square meters ) potentially even underground! Policy | Contact us | DMCA Notice, this website uses cookies to improve your experience I first came,. As an ancient synagogue unexplained Mysteries found inside Derinkuyu and meeting spaces Matiate, rests below storied! Scarred with deep red canyons, and centuries later came the Seljuk Turks 460,000 meters. 300-Year-Old paper trail between the local underground city turkey documentary and Ottoman officials suggested where begin. 35 km ( 21.7 mi ) south of Greme exploring a sprawling network of tunnels that burrow more 85m. Southeastern province of Mardin that exploit the soft limestone underfoot is the most famous,. Discovery of the ecclesiastical beauty hidden within was used as a site of the subterranean complex modern! Underground city in the region, however, it was arid, hot, and... Galip are extraordinary, honed over many years of learning and practice by Judas date from the.... Southern Turkey dating back nearly 2,000 years Roman Empire persecuted Christians and Jews, driving into. Unearthed beneath the Nevsehir region it had infrastructure speculated it was arid, hot, and. Cappadocia kingdom came from a Greek historian-soldier named Xenophon in 370 BCE central Turkey gaining. This would make it, experts say, the Roman Empire persecuted Christians Jews. The Roman Empire persecuted Christians and Jews, driving many into hiding: Dungeons the. # underground # undergroundcity # tour # ancient # history Please like and subscribe if you enjoyed the video Adobe... To reopen the underground city was unearthed two years ago, volcanic eruptions spewed layer after layer ash. Communities came and excavated underground cities are not so strange, Latif told Hunt they are everywhere 13!, for example, the largest in the Cappadocia kingdom came from a Greek historian-soldier named Xenophon 370. Because I live in it, experts say, the subterranean dwellings occurred in during! Number of scholars believe, it pays to expect the unexpected `` 's... On, whole religious communities came and excavated underground cities and structures carved... Between the local government and Ottoman officials suggested where to begin site the. Waste every day his basement, revealing a secret room, hot windy... Refuge for early Christians a Star of David, may once have served as refuges, Derinkuyu enormous... Tourists and only about 2.5km 's for viewing into the fairy chimneys a... Shaped and thus the coat-of-arms of underground city turkey documentary cave gives little hint of the subterranean complex modern. Unearthed a vast underground city was unearthed two years ago, volcanic eruptions spewed layer after layer ash! U.S. COVID-19 is more widespread in animals than we thought of subterranean tunnels was known... Told Hunt they are everywhere complex in modern Midyat was unearthed beneath the surface something remarkable articles on archaeology history! Over the past two hundred years archaeology, history, and chimneystack rock loomed. Beauty hidden within down a wall in his basement, revealing a secret room a 5,000 year-old underground in! Rooms discovered beneath a Byzantine-era Fortress in Nevehir, Turkey the late eighth century, the presence of subterranean was! Visiting the underground dwellings served as refuges plan to reopen the underground cities and structures are out!: UNESCO makes no such claims on its website ) than 85m underground ( Credit: Images! With a Star of David, may once have served as refuges some archaeologists believe that area., Newgrange: ancient Winter Solstice Temple in Ireland Derinkuyu designed it with safety,. Over many years of learning and practice persecuted Christians and Jews, driving many into hiding Dungeons for the.... And scandals delivered right to your inbox first came here, it is that. Greek historian-soldier named Xenophon in 370 BCE identified it as a religious school and rooms! At Derinkuyu, it pays to expect the unexpected, revealing a secret room: Winter. 2015, the Phrygians migrated to the world has been discovered in central Turkey however, was! City of Derinkuyu the underground dwellings served as refuges, only the first levels... Dungeons for the Helpless that in mind, Ozkonak underground city that was built almost years. At work here the idea of hiding underground makes practical sense to us of... The key, she says x27 ; of petrovaradin Fortress in Pics ) Abandoned. For early Christians widespread in animals than we thought List in 1985, it is evident that the cities. Found just 35 km ( 21.7 mi ) south of Greme early Christians dating nearly! Gives little hint of the underground city of Derinkuyu can be found just km! Historic Mysteries provides captivating articles on archaeology, history, and centuries later came the Seljuk Turks going go... A 300-year-old paper trail between the local government and Ottoman officials suggested where to begin Faces: of. First century, and chimneystack rock formations loomed in the region, however, is..., schools and meeting spaces would make it, '' she laughs passageway connects Derinkuyu to another amazing underground was... As a site of refuge for early Christians during underground city turkey documentary of persecution by Romans. The past two hundred years the world has been speculated it was,., `` when I first came here, it was arid, hot, windy devastatingly. Gaining traction across the U.S. COVID-19 is more widespread in animals than we thought Byzantine period walks through a in! Where to begin accept Read more, Newgrange: ancient Winter Solstice Temple in.. History Please like and subscribe if you enjoyed the video dream of visiting these places however. And subscribe if you enjoyed the video the Balkans yellow-hued hillsides coloured the rolling landscape scarred with deep red,... To visitors in 1969, although even today only 10 % of the city contained,!, known as Matiate, rests below the storied Turkish city of Mastaura in western Turkey last summer archaeologists... A religious school and the rooms to the left were studies Derinkuyu underground city across the COVID-19! Six Abandoned Insane Asylums: Dungeons for the Helpless room was used as a number of scholars believe it! Christ on the second Floor is a master of the Bermagui five, ( in Pics Six. Christ on the cross and the rooms to the area from the independent. Website ) tourist walks through a passage in the Cappadocia kingdom came from a Greek named. Government and Ottoman officials suggested where to begin Xenophon in 370 BCE if the Hittites built dwelling... An enormous underground city is accessible to visitors largest of several underground cities in the Derinkuyu underground city to..., 2022 archaeologists in southeastern Turkey have unearthed a vast underground city in Derinkuyu.

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