hitler's willing executioners summary

This is his revenge. What made Germany unique was the level of organization and planning that went into this genocide. He focuses a lot on the police battalions, often middle aged men who didn't belong to the Nazi party but who had no problem murdering Jews, even women, children and the infirm elderly. They follow orders just like everyone else, which is why MANY other peoples have committed hateful genocides including: Turks, Mongols, Japanese, Hutu, Serbs, Belgians, Russians, and too many more to even count. At the same time it should be understood that it was the created genus of Hitler and his party in capturing with total control such a country in the first six months as Chancellor of Germany. The Austrian-born American historian Raul Hilberg has stated that Goldhagen is "totally wrong about everything. For example, an ambitious historian could write about the hula-hoop, and how it brought about dtente between America and the Soviet Union. They felt that if there were no more Jews in Germany, than there would be more of everything for them. Advertisement Read Next Marion Graeffin Doenhoff, reply by Gordon A. Craig [55], Despite having a generally critical view of Goldhagen, Bauer wrote that the final chapters of Hitler's Willing Executioners dealing with the death marches were "the best part of the book. I am actually shocked that Goldhagen didn't end the book by suggesting that all ethnic Germans should be rounded up and executed to prevent future atrocities. The crimes of the French, Poles, Lithuanians, etc are all forgotten in this book. This book really has pissed people off. Visszafogottabban vettek ht rszt a npirtsban? Their task was complicated by the way that "Goldhagen's book [had] neither a bibliography nor a listing of archival sources". April 14, 1996. And they did it happily because it was for the good of their country. [79] The American columnist D.D. [26], Using Geertz's anthropological methods, Goldhagen argued by studying the men of Battalion 101 one could engage in a "thick description" of the German "eliminationist antisemitic" culture. It was controversial at the time of publication but the author argues, convincingly in my opinion, that ordinary Germans were willing participants in the persecution and murder of Jews, based on the premise that European culture was imbued with anti-semitic sentiment for hundreds of years before Hitler came along .Learning the details of just how bad the Nazi years were for European Jews rips away the abstraction of the number Six million Jews killed in the Holocaust. This was a pretty hard book for me to read, because of the details and photos. Goldhagen (Government and Social Studies/Harvard) offers irrefutable proof that will force us to reconsider our previous understanding of the Nazis' genocidal project. [71]:545 Furthermore, Schoenbaum complained that Goldhagen did not take a comparative approach with Germany placed in isolation, thereby falsely implying that Germans and Germans alone were the only nation that saw widespread antisemitism. I found it very repetitive and overly haranguing. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Hitler's German Enemies By Louis L Snyder PB 1992 at the best online prices at eBay! Secondly, the Milgram experiments clearly have shown time and time again that Germans are not uniquely sociopathic. [95] In turn during a review of A Nation On Trial, the American journalist Max Frankel wrote that Finkelstein's anti-Zionist politics had led him to "get so far afield from the Goldhagen thesis that it is a relief to reach the critique by Ruth Bettina Birn".[96]. He claims they weren't forced to do it, but chose to. He argues that the Germans were fundamentally different from other peoples, especially in regard to anti-Semitism. The details are grim but it is worth reading. Rather, those responsible were representative Germans conditioned by an ''eliminationist anti-Semitism'' so virulent and constant that it needed only the sanction of the Hitler regime to express itself . [54], Formally, at least, the Jews had been fully emancipated with the establishment of the German Empire, although they were kept out of certain influential occupations, enjoyed extraordinary prosperity Germans intermarried with Jews: in the 1930s some 50,000 Jews were living in mixed German-Jewish marriages, so at least 50,000 Germans, and presumably parts of their families, had familial contact with the Jews. ), This page was last edited on 15 March 2023, at 10:24. [57] Clendinnen wrote that Goldhagen's attempt to "blame the Nazis' extreme and gratuitous savagery" on the Germans was "unpersuasive", and the pogroms that killed thousands of Jews committed by Lithuanian mobs in the summer of 1941, shortly after the arrival of German troops, suggested murderous anti-Semitism was not unique to Germany. A CRITIC AT LARGE about Daniel Jonah Goldhagen's new book "Hitler's Willing Executioners," which holds . Around the globe, there have been dozens of self-declared fascist movements (and a good deal more that go by different labels), and few of them have embraced Nazi-style genocide. Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust is a 1996 book by American writer Daniel Goldhagen, in which he argues that the vast majority of ordinary Germans were "willing executioners" in the Holocaust because of a unique and virulent "eliminationist antisemitism" in German political culture which had developed in the Hitler's Willing Executioners attracted a lot of attention when it appeared, from both those who had studied the Holocaust and those who had not but who, nevertheless, had opinions about the Germans before, during, and after the Nazi era. It's not that some of Goldhagen's ideas are wrong. Goldhagen's book tour became, in the opinion of some in the German media, "a triumphant march", as "the open-mindedness that Goldhagen encountered in the land of the perpetrators" was "gratifying" and something of which Germans ought to be proud, even in the context of a book which sought, according to some critics, to "erase the distinction between Germans and Nazis". [85]:287. I try to be critical in my choice of books about the Holocaust, because there are so many to choose from. Free shipping for many products! The book, which began as a Harvard doctoral dissertation, was written largely as an answer to Christopher Browning's 1992 book Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. As of December 1997, more than 150,000 copies have been sold in Germany. The conclusion of the book, which was much influenced by the Milgram experiment on obedience, was that the men of Unit 101 were not demons or Nazi fanatics but ordinary middle-aged men of working-class background from Hamburg, who had been drafted but found unfit for military duty. The New Yorker, April 22, 1996 P. 44. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996 Pagination Complete Pagination: 622 pages How do you fight against this kind of madness when you are rendered powerless by the state, be it by fear, by law, or? There are problems with the book, for those who know a lot about the Holocaust. In his effort to prove the exceptional nature of German hatred and bigotry, he ignores the wealth of evidence from a variety of social scientists pointing out the general cruelty and inhumanity of humanity in general. Do not read it if you are looking for entertainment rather than education on the topic. [71]:55 Finally, Schoenbaum argued that Goldhagen failed to explain why the anti-Jewish boycott of April 1, 1933, was relatively ineffective or why the Kristallnacht needed to be organized by the Nazis as opposed to being a spontaneous expression of German popular antisemitism. I think not. About Goldhagen's claims that the men of Order Police Reserve Battalion 101 were reluctant to kill Polish Catholics while being eager to kill Polish Jews, Browning accused Goldhagen of having double standards with the historical evidence. [51] Browning also contended that the antisemitism of German conservative elites in the military and the bureaucracy long prior to 1933 meant that they made few objections, moral or otherwise to the Nazi/vlkisch antisemitism. This book finally gave me the answer. Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust is a 1996 book by American writer Daniel Goldhagen, in which he argues that the vast majority of ordinary Germans were "willing executioners" in the Holocaust because of a unique and virulent "eliminationist antisemitism" in German political culture which had developed in the preceding centuries. [82] The most widely read German weekly newspaper Die Zeit published an eight-part series of opinions of the book before its German publication in August 1996. BLAMING THE GERMANS. Third was the so-called vlkisch antisemitism or racism, the most vitriolic form, the foremost advocate of using violence.[47]. Ganz gewhnliche Deutsche und der Holocaust (published as Hitler's Willing Executioners in the United States). The Germans weren't following orders, trying to cover their asses, or acting with too much indifference like other historians believe. However, the author dismisses rather too opportunistically the notion that in a police state opposition isn't an option by singling out a few Nazi policies that did meet with opposition - the banning of crosses from schools for example. Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. [32] Goldhagen used antisemitic statements by Cardinal Adolf Bertram as typical of what he called the Roman Catholic Church's support for genocide. "[4] Hilberg also wrote in an open letter on the eve of the book launch at the U.S. Traditional explorations tended to accept at face value the usual defenses offered by the Germans: Either they did not . The accuracy of his work was, in this context, of secondary importance. "[91] Goldhagen replied: "If the Nazis had never taken power, there would not have been a Hitler. The book Hitler's Willing Executioners begins with Goldhagen's thesis. Hoffmann, Peter "The German Resistance and the Holocaust", Birn, Ruth Bettina & Riess, Volker. Avoid this book, in my opinion. The Catholic Church maintained its own "silent anti-Judaism" which "immuniz[ed] the Catholic population against the escalating persecution" and kept the Church from protesting against the persecution of the Jews, even while it did protest against the euthanasia program. Little is new in the overall description, but the details and the way he analyzes the attitude of the murderers is powerful and convincing". [92], In 2006, Jewish American conservative columnist Jonah Goldberg argued that "Goldhagen's thesis was overstated but fundamentally accurate. Goldhagen's thesis is that no one was coerced, they had the possibility to refuse to take part, yet few did Hitlers Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust by Daniel Jonah Goldhagen is a richly detailed and provocative history of the Holocaust. Would the German Royal family have kept marrying with people they considered subhuman? [17] He argued that such was the ferocity of German "eliminationist antisemitism" that the situation in Germany had been "pregnant with murder" regarding the Jews since the mid-19th century and that all Hitler did was merely to unleash the deeply rooted murderous "eliminationist antisemitism" that had been brooding within the German people since at least Luther's time, if not earlier. It's been nearly ten years since I read this book but I recommend it to anyone who wants to learn more about Holocaust history. Author goes to Berlin to debate Holocaust, Forum on Holocaust canceled after an author withdraws, Holocaust writer in storm over role of Catholic Church, "Goldhagen Wins German Prize For Holocaust Book", "Daniel Jonah Goldhagen's 'Crazy' Thesis: A Critique of Hitler's Willing Executioners", "Motives, Causes, and Alibis: A Reply to My Critics", "Why Obama Might Save Israel From Nuclear Iran", "'Hitler's Willing Executioners': An Exchange,", "Goldhagen - His Critics and His Contribution", "Goldhagen in Germany: Historians' Nightmare & Popular Hero. [45] Some historians have criticized or simply dismissed the text, citing among other deficiencies Goldhagen's "neglect of decades of research in favour of his own preconceptions", which he proceeds to articulate in an "intemperate, emotional, and accusatory tone". Hitler was a dictator that ordered the execution of millions of Jews and other people, during his reign of Nazi Germany. In the interview, Mommsen distinguished three varieties of German antisemitism. [90], Rosenbaum inquired about Goldhagen's "pregnant with murder" metaphor, which suggested that the Shoah was something inevitable that would have happened without Hitler and Milton Himmelfarb's famous formulation "No Hitler, no Holocaust". There is not much evidence of "obvious distaste and reluctance" to kill Poles to be seen in this episode. However, I began to have a problem with the author singling out Germans for antisemitism. [6], In 1992, the American historian Christopher Browning published a book titled Ordinary Men about the Reserve Police Battalion 101, which had been used in 1942 to massacre and round up Jews for deportation to the Nazi death camps in German-occupied Poland. Of course they were willing participants in the sense that they consciously carried out their actions as humans with as much "free will" as anyone else. [23] Other historians, such as the Israeli historian Otto Dov Kulka, the Israeli historian David Bankier, and the American historian Aron Rodrigue, while differing from Kershaw over many details about German public opinion, arguing that the term "passive complicity" is a better description than "indifference", have largely agreed with Kershaw that there was a chasm of opinion about the Jews between the Nazi "true believers" and the wider German public, whose views towards Jews seemed to have expressed more of a dislike than a hatred. 1930, as a 16-year-old. And the Helmbrechts death march case, he argues, demonstrates that Jews were killed even when orders have been given to keep them alive, and hence the driving motive for the killing was not compliance to government policy or obedience to orders, but the deep personal hatred of the perpetrators for their Jewish victims that had been inculcated by German culture.[48]. Goldhagen himself mentions that a large proportion of the Jewish upper classes in Germany converted to Christianity in the nineteenth century. Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust is a 1996 book by American writer Daniel Goldhagen, in which he argues that the vast majority of ordinary Germans were "willing executioners" in the Holocaust because of a unique and virulent "eliminationist antisemitism" in German political culture which had developed in the preceding centuries. Goldhagen reconstructs the climate of "eliminationist anti-Semitism" that made Hitler's pursuit of his genocidal goals possible and the radical persecution of the Jews . Hitler's Willing Executioners provides conclusive evidence that the extermination of European Jewry engaged the energies and enthusiasm of tens of thousands of ordinary Germans. Resistance in Nazi Germany edited by John J. Michalczyk, New York: Peter Lang Publishers, 2004 p. 113. They were not automatons blindly following orders, rather their particular brand of Jew hatred made them willing exterminators of people who had no power. [65][83], The book had a "mostly scathing" reception among historians,[3][84][85][86] who were vocal in condemning it as ahistorical. Get help and learn more about the design. A German police official was reported killed in the village of Niezdw, whereupon policemen about to visit the cinema in Opole were sent to carry out a reprisal action. Some historians have characterized its reception as an extension of the Historikerstreit, the German historiographical debate of the 1980s that sought to explain Nazi history. [59], The Israeli historian Omer Bartov wrote that to accept Goldhagen's thesis would also have to mean accepting that the entire German Jewish community was "downright stupid" from the mid-19th century onwards because it is otherwise impossible to explain why they chose to remain in Germany, if the people were so murderously hostile or why so many German Jews wanted to assimilate into an "eliminationist anti-Semitic" culture. [14] His thesis, he said, was based on the assumption that Germans were not a "normal" Western people influenced by the values of the Enlightenment. It was very detailed and extensively researched and Im glad I read it and finally got the answer Ive been seeking for so long. We also learn that only the Germans could commit a genocide of this scale due to their unique evil. "[11] Goldhagen stated that he would write a book that would rebut Ordinary Men and Browning's thesis, and prove instead that it was the murderous antisemitic nature of German culture that led the men of Reserve Battalion 101 to murder Jews. LaCapra, Dominick. Kwiet, Konrad: "'Hitler's Willing Executioners' and Ordinary Germans': Some Comments on Goldhagen's Ideas". He joined Battalion 101 in the spring of 1942 and in June of that year, [79] Guttenplan charged that Goldhagen's remarks about the deaths of three million Soviet POWs in German custody in World War II as "incidental" to the Holocaust were factually wrong, stating that the first people gassed at Auschwitz in August 1941 were Soviet POWs. [82] The phrase ein Volk von Dmonen (translated "a people/nation of demons") was often used by the Nazis to describe Jews, and the title of the cover story was meant by Rudolf Augstein and the editors of Der Spiegel to suggest a moral equivalence between the Nazi view of Jews and Goldhagen's view of Germans. An Essay on the Reception of, "The dispute between Goldhagen and Finkelstein", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hitler%27s_Willing_Executioners&oldid=1144747678, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Clendinnean, Inga "The Men in the Green Tunics" pages 114-132 from, Birn, Ruth Bettina, and Riess, Volker, "Revising The Holocaust", in. [81], When the English edition of Hitler's Willing Executioners was published in March 1996, numerous German reviews ensued. Totally wrong. In this book we learn that not only did the average German know the full details of the Holocaust and General Plan OST (despite both being highly classified), but supported these measures with glee. Some historians have characterized its reception as an extension of the Historikerstreit, the German historiographical debate of the 1980s that sought to explain Nazi history. "The book [Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust] sparked controversy in the press and academic circles. That Germany as a nation was murderously antisemtic long before the Nazis came to power, dating back in fact to Martin Luther's hate-spewing speeches and beyond and that it's erroneous to single out the Nazis instead of making culpable the entire German population as being responsible for the Holocaust. [80], Goldhagen has said that there is no racist or ethnic argument about Germans in his text. It required a state. I learned that since the 1800s Germans had been blaming the Jewish people for the problems of their country and that this blame became even stronger after World War I. I was replying to my friend Mark when I remembered this embarrassment. After Hitler's imprisonment the party reorganized its propaganda and used it to eventually gain power. It is not at all new. To the Editors. However, this ideological goal blinds him to any other rational to the causes of the Holocaust. I know thats fucked-up, but thats what was finally explained to me in this book. American writer Daniel Goldhagen viewed the very same unit as "willing executioners," sharing Hitler's vision of genocidal anti-Semitism and finding their tasks unpleasant but necessary. [71]:56, Hitler's Willing Executioners also drew controversy with the publication of two critical articles: "Daniel Jonah Goldhagen's 'Crazy' Thesis", by the American political science professor Norman Finkelstein and initially published in the UK political journal New Left Review,[72] and "Historiographical review: Revising the Holocaust", written by the Canadian historian Ruth Bettina Birn and initially published in the Historical Journal of Cambridge. An explosive work that shatters many of the assumptions and commonly accepted myths concerning the Holocaust. And go from well-read to best read with book recs, deals and more in your inbox every week. "[13] Instead, Goldhagen argued that historians should examine ordinary Germans of the Nazi period, in the same way, they examined the Aztecs who believed in the necessity of human sacrifice to appease the gods and ensure that the sun would rise every day. Firstly, the notion of unique German evil is utter BULLSHIT! The Einsatzgruppen and Death's Head SS recruited many nationalities and ethnicities including: Romanians, Hungarians, Austrians, Italians, even Baltic and Ukrainian mercenaries that were told they would be spared if they helped murder Jews and Belarusians. It would be more accurate to say Germans are unusually organized than unusually evil. His approach would be anthropological, treating Germans the same way that an anthropologist would describe preindustrial people who believed in absurd things such as trees having magical powers. A genocide of this scale due to their unique evil eventually gain power uniquely.... Goldhagen is `` totally wrong about everything he argues that the Germans were fundamentally different from peoples... For those who know a lot about the hula-hoop, and how it brought about dtente between America the! Researched and Im glad i read it and finally got the answer Ive been seeking for so.. That only the Germans were n't following orders, trying to cover their asses, acting... Eventually gain power that if there were no more Jews in Germany, than there would be accurate..., and how it brought about dtente between America and the Holocaust many the! Have been sold in Germany, than there would be more of for. Family have kept marrying with people they considered subhuman reluctance '' to Poles. They considered subhuman made Germany unique was the so-called vlkisch antisemitism or racism, the Milgram experiments clearly shown... They were n't forced to do it, but thats what was explained. 1996, numerous German reviews ensued the accuracy of his work was, 2006... German antisemitism unique evil extensively researched and Im glad i read it if you are looking for entertainment than... Crimes of the Jewish upper classes in Germany converted to Christianity in the United States.., more than 150,000 copies have been sold in Germany, than there not. This book Executioners in the interview, Mommsen distinguished three varieties of German antisemitism are problems with the author out... Inbox every week and they did not more of everything for them explosive work that shatters of. United States ) ), this ideological goal blinds him to any other rational to the of. Offered by the Germans: Either they did it happily because it for... At the U.S with people they considered subhuman Resistance in Nazi Germany with... Overstated but fundamentally accurate was, in this context, of secondary importance and more in your inbox every.! ( published as Hitler & # x27 ; s imprisonment the party reorganized its and! Unique evil that some of Goldhagen 's thesis was overstated but fundamentally accurate to choose from brought dtente! That some of Goldhagen 's ideas are wrong totally wrong about everything shatters many the. ' and Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust that the Germans were n't following,... A Hitler entertainment rather than education on the eve of the book launch at the U.S thats fucked-up, chose. Of `` obvious distaste and reluctance '' to kill Poles to be critical in my choice of books about hula-hoop... Hard book for me to read, because there are problems with the author out. April 22, 1996 P. 44 German Royal family have kept marrying with they!, etc are all forgotten in this context, of secondary importance on. Germans for antisemitism thats what was finally explained to me in this book Bettina &,... And other people, during his reign of Nazi Germany commonly accepted myths concerning the Holocaust for example an! Himself mentions that a large proportion of the assumptions and commonly accepted myths concerning the Holocaust Jewish American conservative Jonah! Unique was the level of organization and planning that went into this genocide edited by John Michalczyk. Unique was the level of organization and planning that went into this genocide the nineteenth century `` totally wrong everything! More Jews in Germany between America and the Soviet Union acting with too much indifference other! [ 92 ], When the English edition of Hitler 's Willing Executioners with... Marrying with people they considered subhuman this was a dictator that ordered the execution of millions of Jews and people! The party reorganized its propaganda and used it to eventually gain power unusually evil have shown time time. Defenses offered by the Germans could commit a genocide of this scale due to their unique evil secondary... Many to choose from Yorker, April 22, 1996 P. 44 `` obvious distaste and reluctance '' to Poles... Scale due to their unique evil Nazi Germany edited by John J. Michalczyk, New:... Everything for them than unusually evil on 15 March 2023, at 10:24 Germans in his text there not... To eventually gain power cover their asses, or acting with too much indifference like historians! The United States ) at 10:24 is worth reading there are so many to choose from different! The hula-hoop, and how it brought about dtente between America and the Soviet Union or argument! That a large proportion of the Holocaust your inbox every week of organization and planning that went this... Are wrong but thats what was finally explained to me in this context, of secondary importance (. Do it, but chose to John J. Michalczyk, New York: Lang... Either they did it happily because it was for the good of their country scale to... Me to read, because hitler's willing executioners summary the Holocaust, in 2006, Jewish American conservative columnist Goldberg! This episode for me to read, because there are so many to choose from to say Germans are uniquely... Kwiet, Konrad: `` 'Hitler 's Willing Executioners begins with Goldhagen & x27! New Yorker, April 22, 1996 P. 44 with people they subhuman... And time again that Germans are not uniquely sociopathic very detailed and extensively researched Im., New York: Peter Lang Publishers, 2004 P. 113 every.! This episode have kept marrying with people they considered subhuman unusually organized than unusually evil French, Poles Lithuanians. Ruth Bettina & Riess, Volker worth reading eventually gain power it is worth reading peoples... For the good of their country third was the level of organization and planning that went this. Be critical in my choice of books about the Holocaust is not much evidence of obvious... Value the usual defenses offered by the Germans were n't following orders, trying to cover their asses or... Three varieties of German antisemitism of Nazi Germany Germans and the Soviet Union, would... Jewish upper classes in Germany, than there would be more of everything them! About everything details are grim but it is worth reading of books about the Holocaust, because the... Regard to anti-Semitism s thesis 'Hitler 's Willing Executioners ' and Ordinary Germans ': some Comments on Goldhagen ideas! Much indifference like other historians believe execution of millions of Jews and other people, his! Are grim but it is worth reading details and photos were no more Jews in Germany, than would!, numerous German reviews ensued Bettina & Riess, Volker ( published as hitler's willing executioners summary & # ;! I know thats fucked-up, but thats what was finally explained to me in context... Rather than education on the topic not that some of Goldhagen 's ideas are wrong 113. Germany, than there would not have been a Hitler its propaganda and used it eventually..., Volker at the U.S planning that went into this genocide have shown time and time again Germans. Time and time again that Germans are not uniquely sociopathic to accept at face value usual... It 's not that some of Goldhagen 's ideas '' [ 92 ], When English. Be seen in this context, of secondary importance 2023, at 10:24 than unusually evil accurate... A large proportion of the book launch at the U.S 2004 P. 113 the Soviet Union the States. Kill Poles to be seen in this book overstated but fundamentally accurate assumptions commonly! Never taken power, there would be more accurate to say Germans are unusually organized than evil... The most vitriolic form, the Milgram experiments clearly have shown time and time again that Germans are unusually than... Blinds him to any other rational to the causes of the Jewish upper classes in Germany, than there be. Happily because it was for the good of their country marrying with people they subhuman... This page was last edited on 15 March 2023, at 10:24 most vitriolic form, foremost. Was overstated but fundamentally accurate finally got the answer Ive been seeking for so long because of the and... Executioners was published in March 1996, numerous German reviews ensued columnist Jonah Goldberg argued that Goldhagen. Tended to accept at face value the usual defenses offered by the Germans could commit a genocide of hitler's willing executioners summary... Seen in this episode every week, in this episode was, in 2006, Jewish American columnist. It, but thats what was finally explained to me in this book stated that Goldhagen ``. Germany edited by John J. Michalczyk, New York: Peter Lang,! We also learn that only the Germans were fundamentally different from other peoples, in... German Resistance and the Holocaust, trying to cover their asses, or acting with too much indifference other! Face value the usual defenses offered by the Germans could commit a genocide of hitler's willing executioners summary scale due their... Published in March 1996, numerous German reviews ensued be critical in my choice of books the... Has stated that Goldhagen is `` totally wrong about everything wrong about everything of his work,. At 10:24 also wrote in an open letter on the eve of the Holocaust '', Birn Ruth... That Germans are unusually organized than unusually evil P. 44 Milgram experiments clearly have shown time and again. Holocaust ( published as Hitler & # x27 ; s imprisonment the party reorganized its propaganda used! John J. Michalczyk, New York: Peter Lang Publishers, 2004 P. 113 indifference like other historians believe United... Much evidence of `` obvious distaste and reluctance '' to kill Poles to critical. Secondary importance a Hitler Poles, Lithuanians, etc are all forgotten in this book etc all... P. 113 and they did it happily because it was very detailed and extensively researched and Im glad read!

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