how does topography affect economic development

Table 1. G01296001). 2. Culture. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. Population density is negatively linked with T (T, DOC), T (T, PO43-F) and T (T, PO43-UF). Afed U Khan1,2, Jiping Jiang1,3, Peng Wang1,4 and Yi Zheng3, Published 11 October 2017 The general results of the elasticity approach in our previous study will be reproduced according to the requirements of this work. The freight volumes of roads and railways come from the annual statistical reports of each citys national economic and social development. The above discussion shows that the temperature elasticity of water quality parameters is complex and its response to topographic and socio-economic factors is complicated. Altitude or height above sea level - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. Learn More . Geography plays a substantial role in the development and success of an economy. Historically, economies near ports and travel routes grew rapidly and were sustained by constant commerce in the area. From the cities on the Silk Road to ports on the Mississippi River, geography helped bring money and goods to a local area. Watershed managers can bring improvement to the water environment via the developed patterns between socio-economic variables, topographic variables and CEWQ parameters to reduce stress on aquatic life. Spatial organization and complexity of urban networks in China. Thus the elevation of Paris may bring a colder climate and may produce ice and snow and may result in cold and winter climate in Paris. All variables data was available at basin scale except the GDP and runoff coefficients. The improvement of DO concentration in waterbodies may be attributed to tropical climate (A), where rainfall occurs all year long, and fresh surface runoff saturates waterbodies with oxygen [16, 69] due to the high sensitivity of streamflow to precipitation [27]. affect farming. Some nonlinear relations are reported in table 1 with their corresponding R2 and P-values which include: P (P, NOx-F) with mean slope (R2=0.624, P=0.001), P (P, PO43-F) with P-manure with (R2=0.624, P=0.001), T (T, NO2-F) with N-manure (R2=0.563, P=0.001), T (T, P-F) with P-fertilizer (R2=0.695, P=0.010) and T (T, P-F) with P-manure (R2=0.920, P=0.000). The topography of an area can influence the weather and climate. The impacts of natural environment on water quality, e.g., climate and topography, have been less studied in comparison with land use and socio-economic factors. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. The literature shows that steep slope and high elevation are concerned with the elevated rate of erosion, which favors the entry of particulate matter into waterbodies via land runoff [18, 19, 33]. Accessed 18 Jan. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. The mean slope has a positive coefficient for T (T, NOx-F). ; Lv, R.; Zhang, X.-B. Influence of Geography on Society and Culture Article shared by : ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the four main factors of geography that have influence on society and culture. There are serious concerns that water quality impairment (fecal indicator bacteria, nitrogen and phosphorous) due to livestock grazing on public lands threatens human and ecological health [23, 24]. Lu, Z.-H. Research on Spatial Economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration and Their Impact on Economic Efficiency. There are several "regions" to Greece- Epirus to the northwest, Thessaly in the northeast, Central Greece in the center, and the Peloponnese, a hand-shaped protrusion, to the South. Statistical approaches were mainly used to investigate the strength and significance of how the climate sensitivity of water quality is relative to watershed and regional characteristics. How did the Greeks contribute to democracy? Moreover, construction activities are higher in urban areas, which increases P-enriched soil erosion via land runoff [63]. The mean elevation, mean slope, standard deviation of slope, basin area, mean human population density, mean N and P fertilizer, and mean N and P manure for each sub-watershed was extracted using a GIS spatial analyst tool [35]. 4. Large global datasets were used for 12 main water quality parameters from 43 water quality monitoring stations located at large major rivers. This may be attributed to restoration efforts [21] at the catchment scale or a consequence of precision farming, which reduces turbidity via irrigation tailwater discharge [21, 56]. The second industry is the JiujiaJinwu dual-core linkage, with Jiujia as the lead and Jiuzhang and Jinwu as the backbone. The expected outcomes are quantitative and qualitative improvements in human capital (e.g. The Greeks utilized the seas around their land to great advantage. Social development-Because political structures and economic structures varied from city-state to city-state, we also see different social structures emerging throughout Ancient Greece. ; Wang, L.-C.; Li, Q.-G.; Yan, C.-X. How does topography affect human life? There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. Liu, W.; Cao, Y.; Wu, W.; Guo, J. Spatial impact analysis of trans-Yangtze highway fixed links: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta, China. Generally, topographic features regulate surface water quality variables. shape of the land (known as 'relief' or 'topography'). Sun, Q.-K.; Zhou, L.; Tang, X.-L.; Sun, D.-Q. There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. Usually, the mean slope is concerned with an elevated concentration of pollutants as it speeds up the entry of particulate materials into surface waters [19, 20]. Surface waters exhibit regionalization due to various climatic conditions and anthropogenic activities. He, C.-F.; Yu, C.-D. Multi-dimensional proximity, Trade Barriers and Dynamic Evolution of Industrial Linkages in China-World Market. Distribution of Land Mass and Water Mass 3. Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. As a result, humidity increases and orographic clouds and precipitation can develop. So, feel free to use this information and benefit from expert answers to the questions you are interested in! It depends on how close or how far it is to the equator. ; Dang, X.-W. The Hexi Corridor should be considered through the city group of the LanzhouXinjiang Railway, LianHuo Expressway, 312 National Road, and other transportation corridors to enhance the development of the central axis, give full play to the advantages of Jiujia and the Wuwei Dry Port, and expand the northsouth multi-way open channel to enhance the level of interconnection of the city group [. In india where badland topography is commonly found? Finally, combined with the functional positioning of the Hexi Corridor, this paper proposes a coordinated and integrated development mode of economic space featuring interconnection, interaction, and complementarity among cities within the region, so as to provide a scientific reference for the improvement of the efficiency of resource allocation in urban agglomerations, enhancing the internal economic connectivity of underdeveloped urban agglomerations along the Belt and Road, and promoting the high-quality development of regional integration. Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Does facebook notify when you edit a comment? Research on the Evolution Characteristics and Synergistic Relationship between HSR Network and Economic Network in Hubei Province. Topography is the relief of an area. Women in Sparta, for instance, maintained slightly more power than their contemporaries in Athens. The railway time cost is derived from the China railway customer service center website (. For example, you might wear heavier clothing and tend to be physically stronger as a result of climbing often. and P.S. Latitude and longitude make up the grid system that helps humans identify absolute, or exact, locations on the Earth's surface. In addition to this, it will be helpful in preparing a surface water pollution prevention plan, which will be helpful in areas of declining peak flow volume, and in enhancing the filtration of sediment flux to bring sustainability in water environment. Moist air will cool as it rises, and then the clouds release the water, causing precipitation like rain or snow. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. The question takes place from the time of Ancient Greece." We found that precipitation elasticity showed comparatively higher sensitivity to socio-economic and topographic factors at a global scale. In order to detect the impact of topography on social factors, we selected the Based on the model, when topography over the selected region (KTU) is reduced to 25%, the mean rainfall (temperature) over east Africa is reduced (increased) by about 19% This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. ; funding acquisition, P.S. In the development process, the region must have unbalanced economic relations. Wang, H.-H.; Zhai, L.-J. In comparison to temperature elasticity, precipitation elasticity forms many linear models with topographic and socio-economic factors, as demonstrated by table 1 and figure 4. Urban network pattern in the Yellow River Basin based on Tencent population migration data. Figure 1. From 2010 to 2020, industrial diversification developed; competitive industries, especially tourism, developed rapidly; vital complementary industries differentiated, and a network of complementary industrial functions was initially formed. These have been caused by many natural factors, including changes in the sun, emissions from volcanoes, variations in Earth's orbit and levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). ; LV, R.; Zhang, X.-B. A comprehensive report prepared by EPA's Office of Research and Development entitled Connectivity of Streams and Wetlands to Downstream Waters: A Review and Synthesis of the Scientific Evidence (hereinafter, Science Report) in 2015 synthesized the peer-reviewed science. ; Liang, C.-B. In California, winds off the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast. Welcome to Sharing Culture! The sensitivity of the streamflow to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27], which dilutes the concentration of diffused pollutants from croplands. Secondly, the sensitivity of streamflow to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27] where surface land runoff absorbs heat from the ground surface to elevate the water temperature. The response of PO43-F and PO43-UF to temperature is inelastic and relatively elastic, and site specific [28]. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. hydrological mobilization, solubility and decay. land and water distribution [how close to or far from a large body of water]. It determines how the land can be used and where utilities and dwellings can be located. The details of the study area, water quality records and climatic conditions are given in table S1 available at stacks.iop.org/ERL/12/104012/mmedia and figure 1 [29]. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. Turbidity and P-F concentration in cold climate (D) waterbodies are favored by lower values of P(P, Q) due to snow storage [26]. geoparks. Increasing P (P, temperature) with sub-watershed area is a direct consequence of atmospheric energy input [38]. from Rutgers University-New Brunswick/Piscataway M.A. It also caused the Greeks to look outside of its peninsula for colonies that possessed soil that could be farmed. Why topography is considered in site selection? This may be a consequence of several probable reasons: surface runoff, which sweeps nutrients (phosphorous and nitrogen) from towns and cities, found in sewage and fertilizer, to nearby waterbodies [58], insufficient treatment facilities at urban communal level; and excessive impervious surface areas and over fertilization of lawns, which enhances the entry of diffused pollutants to surface waters [59]. Bevilacqua, C.; Sohrabi, P.; Hamdy, N. Spatializing Social Networking Analysis to Capture Local Innovation Flows towards Inclusive Transition. As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to. Moreover, the increasing level of P (P, turbidity) and P (P, DOC) with increasing basin area is a multifactor context that depends upon population density, socioeconomic and topographic conditions, climatic conditions, treatment measures, etc. Moreover, the majority of climate models (two-thirds) have projected a significant increase in the annual average runoff [8, 55], which may increase NH4+-F concentration in surface waters. Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Large bodies of water, such as oceans, seas and large lakes, can affect the climate of an area. Ashfaq, S.; Tang, Y.; Maqbool, R. Insights of energy and its trade networking impacts on sustainable economic development. Li, J.; Qian, Y.; Zeng, J.; Yin, F.; Zhu, L.; Guang, X. The analysis indicates that tourism industry keep tight correlation with the economic growth of the global economy while there are so many factors which affect the tourism industry positively and negatively which in the long run or short run affect the global economy of the world negatively and positively. The higher up you are, the colder and drier it will be. paper provides an outlook on future directions of research or possible applications. Chai, D.; Zhang, D.; Sun, Y.; Yang, S.; Xiong, F. Research on the City Network Structure in the Yellow River Basin in China Based on Two-Way Time Distance Gravity Model and Social Network Analysis Method. Zheng, B.-M.; Liu, A.-L.; Han, J.-L.; Ming, Q.-Z. Feature Papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. According to the results of the network centrality, the city cluster forms four core economic circles, namely Jiujia, Dungua, Zhangye, and Jinwu. Due to economic globalization, the accelerated flow of production factors has given rise to a new form of production organization, the geographical level of regional competition has changed from city to region, and economic development tends to be integrated [1,2].As essential support for the unimpeded and revitalized Silk Road Economic Belt, the Hexi Corridor city (3) The impact of topographical relief on population and economy was stronger than that of other topographical factors. The relief degree showed a good logarithmic fit relationship with population density (0.911) and economic density (0.874). Wei, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhang, S.; Sono, D.; Xiu, C. Urban positionality in the regional urban network: Through the lens of alter-based centrality and national-local perspectives. This is your one-stop encyclopedia that has numerous frequently asked questions answered. Figure 3. The implementation of major national strategies, such as the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin, the ecological protection and restoration of the Qilian Mountains, the Western Grand Tourism Loop, and the construction of Silk Road tourism destinations, has significantly improved the ecological management level in the Hexi Corridor region, and cultural and tourism industry integration development. This may be due to several reasons: Firstly, it can be a consequence of irrigation tailwater discharge which absorb heat [39, 40] and sweeps P-fertilizer from cropland which enhance water temperature. Certain ocean currents have differenet temperatures. Zheng, W.; Xu, W.-L.; Chen, Y. ; Gao, S.; Wang, Y.-Q. Sparta, on the other hand, was a monarchy, with a line of hereditary monarchs. The relation between water quality and climate change in different regions depends upon various biochemical and hydrodynamics processes occurring in waterbodies [1, 13, 14]. ; Yang, Y.-C.; Pan, J.-G. Spatial-temporal pattern and network structure evolution of western Chinese cities participation in the global and national competition. DOC exhibits variability in space, which may be due to the complex effects of climatic drivers on DOC, i.e. Climate 4. "How did geography and topography affect Greek economic, political and social development? We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their generous feedback that improved the quality of this paper. This is because geographical features include mountains, deserts, and water, which directly impact the movement of people and thus the movement of trade. How does geography affect business? - Geographical influences are one of the factors which have a great impact upon the businesses. Economic uncertainty spillover and social networks. There is a relationship between latitude and temperature around the world, as temperatures are typically warmer approaching the Equator and cooler approaching the Poles. The tertiary industry has evolved into a multi-center and multi-axis interactive pattern. The dataset was not truncated when one station has more years of data than the other stations since elasticity depends upon the median value and captures the overall characteristics as well as being due to the unmanaged water quality data collection. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. 51509061), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. How does topography affect population? Population density has a positive coefficient for P (P, NO3-F), which may be due to lawn fertilization in urban areas, which drains NO3-F to enrich surface waters [59, 79]. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics. The five factors that determine the weather of any land area are: the amount of solar energy received because of latitude; the area's elevation or proximity to mountains; nearness to large bodies of water and relative temperatures of land and water; the number of such storm systems as cyclones, hurricanes, and Topographic barriers such as mountains and hills force prevailing winds up and over their slopes. There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. As the pressure decreases, the air molecules expands and the temperature decreases. Will pfizer shareholders get viatris stock? Primary concentrations of human population are limited to the regions of flat topography. The runoff coefficient of the sub-watershed is positively linked with P (P, P-F) and P (P, turbidity) while negatively associated with P (P, NH4+-F). If an area is close to a body of water it tends to make milder climates. Factors influencing global development Levels of development are determined by several factors: Physical factors some areas have a hostile or difficult landscape. The developed patterns can be implemented in unmonitored watersheds to predict the approximate influence of socio-economic and topographic factors on CEWQ parameters. The total heat content of a system is directly related to the amount of matter present, so it is cooler at higher elevations. interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The Greeks, through cultural diffusion, learned a great deal from the people they met through the travel of the seas. What are the differences between the three poleis of Athens, Sparta, and Miletus? Human population density, gross domestic product (GDP) and animal husbandry have significant correlations with dissolved phosphorous, electrical conductivity, and, TP and turbidity respectively [17]. The precipitation elasticity (P, WQ) and temperature elasticity (T, WQ) are given by equations (1) and (2), respectively. You seem to have javascript disabled. Geography plays a significant role in economic development. Greek geography made it almost impossible for early Greeks to consolidate power, not to mention the influences from other civilizations. ; Kung, H.-T. Coupling coordination analysis and spatio-temporal heterogeneity between urbanization and eco-environment along the Silk Road Economic Belt in China. Each of these city states could develop its own social structures (contrast Sparta and Athens). Certain ocean currents have different temperatures. The culture and technologies of the Greeks were shared with the people from far away lands. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Xie, Xiaoyi, and Peiji Shi. Conceptualization, X.X. GDP acted as a stabilizing agent in maintaining CEWQ in both tropical (A) and temperate (C) climate classes, while runoff coefficient, slope and population density fuels the risk of instability in temperate climate class (C). several social, demographic, economic, political and historical factors affect population distribution. Under fertilization and over fertilization have strong consequences for soil nutrition and surface water quality, respectively [22]. 4. There is, primary sector, Secondary sector, Tertiary sector, & Quaternary sector. Wind and air masses. Landforms might include physical features like mountains or oceans. Global distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water quality indexes. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. P-F and DOC are abundant in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climate waterbodies. It measures average life expectancy, level of education and income for each country in the world. On the other hand, many temperature elasticity estimators developed nonlinear models with topographic and socio-economic factors, as demonstrated by table S7 and table S8. HSCJ201607). The processes that create topography are usually geologic in nature; e.g. (1) The complementary network of industrial functions in urban agglomerations tends to be complicated and compact. Primary concentrations of human population are limited to the regions of flat topography. Dynamic Evolution of Trans-regional urban agglomeration Economic network: Based on analysis of urban agglomeration in Haixi, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. The important geographical factors on the social and political development of Greece are the seas and mountains. Zhao, J.; Sun, G.; Webster, C. Does China-Pakistan Economic Corridor improve connectivity in Pakistan? Natural Resources. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Thirdly, precision farming technique may decrease the P-fertilizer concentration in surface waters [56]. "Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow" Land 12, no. This, of course, affected economic development. The results are as follows. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. Liu, H.-Y. The problem of instability can be modulated by encouraging conservative efforts such as grassy strips, planting trees, buffer lands, etc at basin scale [56, 80]. Fan, J.; Li, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Luo, X.; Ma, C. Connectivity and Accessibility of the Railway Network in China: Guidance for Spatial Balanced Development. Cooler air is capable of holding less water vapor than warmer air. If an area is close to a body of water it tends to make milder climates. Spatial and temporal evolution of oasis-type urban spatial interaction in Hexi Corridor. Secondly, this may be associated with the fact that precipitation is year round in the tropical climate, so there are no real low flow periods [27] that could increase the concentration of constituents. Similarly, Chen and Lu (2014) found that the mean slope and elevation have a negative correlation with water temperature, turbidity, conductivity, COD, TN, NO3-N, dissolved phosphorus and TP, and a positive correlation with dissolved oxygen (DO) [18]. More specifically speaking, topography aids in changing precipitation and temperature. Under the green goals of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality, understanding how to develop the economy with high quality is an important issue facing regional development. More frequent and intense drought, storms, heat waves, rising sea levels, melting glaciers and warming oceans can directly harm animals, destroy the places they live, and wreak havoc on people's livelihoods and communities. Volume 12, Climatic factors such as light, water, and rainfall, temperature, air, relative humidity and wind also affect farming in various ways. It depends on how close or how far it is to the equator. In comparison to Cwa, a subclass of temperate (C), Cfa and Cfb have higher contents of NO3-F, which may be due to climatic conditions that favor leaching of nitrogen from soil with time [75, 76], or irrigation tailwater discharge from conventional farming that favors the release of nitrate contents to waterbodies in the vicinity [56]. Dai, J.-C.; Xie, F.; Na, K.-P. Research the characteristics of the urban information flow network along the Grand Canal based on the Baidu Index. The delineated sub-watersheds were used for data extraction, which will be used as explanatory variables in regression models. Mountains played a significant role in the political development of Greece. Furthermore, the relative location of terrestrial factors (land cover and landscape variables) at basin scale is also important as stream water showed more sensitivity to nearby pollution sources as compared to distant sources [78]. The Coastal Range allows for some condensation and light precipitation. ; Zhang, X. Latest answer posted January 22, 2019 at 2:51:11 PM. Jiuquan, Zhangye, Wuwei, and Jiayuguan have strong complementary connections among various industrial sectors and a solid industrial foundation. where \overline T, \overline P and W\overline Q are the air temperature, precipitation and water quality at any given time, respectively. This point, and the ecology and management implications are discussed at the end of the paper. To summarize, this paper chooses the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration as the research area, which is at the forefront of the opening up of the Belt and Road and located in an economically underdeveloped region with an extremely important geographical location. All cities extroversion functions are greater than 1, the difference value is small, and the extroversion radiation ability is similar. Streamflow sensitivity to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27], which sweeps fertilizers to waterbodies in the vicinity. When air reaches the mountains, it is forced to rise over this barrier. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. The results showed that socio-economic and topographic factors threaten the stability of CEWQ parameters and we should focus on alleviating the problem of instability by modulating nutrient runoff fueled by socio-economic and topographic variables to control eutrophication in surface waters. Latest answer posted February 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, Latest answer posted August 21, 2016 at 4:06:36 PM. Precious metals were mined from the mountains that could be used for trade. Figure 2. ; Shi, P.-J. Abstract. Lv, Y.; Chen, Y. It limited the population because agricultural output was so low. The terrain is high in the south and west, and low in the north and east, forming a topography of two mountains sandwiched by a plain [, This study uses an urban flow model and dominant flow analysis to study the industrial connection path and urban function connection of the urban agglomeration at the municipal level, as well as the gravity model and social network analysis to analyze the spatial characteristics of the economic network at the county level, and analyzes the dynamic evolution of the economic connection network from multiple perspectives (, The urban flow model calculates the factor flow intensity in the economic agglomeration and diffusion activities between cities to reflect the ability of cities to communicate with the outside world. However, few studies have reported that increased deviations of slope enhance the pollutant concentration in surface waters [19, 20]. In this study we found that socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the CEWQ parameters. Humans and wild animals face new challenges for survival because of climate change. This study will help in the understanding of site-specific characteristics of water quality response to climate environment on the background of climate change science. This may be a consequence of the higher urbanization and industrialization favored by higher economic growth [62, 68]. Xian et al (2007) found that Cu, Zn, NO3+ NO2, oil grease, and total suspended solid are strongly correlated with population density [17, 25]. Latest answer posted November 18, 2019 at 4:26:56 AM. The Spartans had hundreds of thousands of helots, slaves, that were the backbone of Spartan economy. Elevation has positive sign for T (T, PO43-F), which may be due to several reasons: high air temperature fuels the consumption of water for domestic purposes; high elevation is concerned with an enhanced rate of erosion, which favors the entry of particulate matter into waterbodies [18, 19, 33], and mineralization of organic matter, which releases P from deeper sediments stimulated by elevated water temperatures and biological activities [54]. Masters Thesis, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, 2020. Figure 4. The concept of climatestream flow relationships [26, 27] have been extended to the bivariate climate elasticity of water quality using extensive monitoring data [28]. There are six major controls of the climate of an area. To predict the approximate influence of socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the understanding of site-specific Characteristics water! The Earth 's surface surface water quality variables to adapt to all the changing how does topography affect economic development they were exposed to month-to-month! Planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they exposed! May decrease the P-fertilizer concentration in surface waters [ 19, 20 ] influences! The Spartans had hundreds of thousands of helots, slaves, that were the backbone of economy! The approximate influence of socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the Yellow River based! Of oasis-type urban spatial interaction in Hexi Corridor from the cities on the Evolution Characteristics and Relationship! The railway time cost is derived from the annual statistical reports of each citys National and... Affect the climate of an area social and political development of Greece. mountains or oceans, topography aids changing. Grid system that helps humans identify absolute, or exact, Locations on the Road. Concentration in surface waters [ 19, 20 ] the long-term pattern of weather a. Railway customer service center website ( a good logarithmic fit Relationship with population density ( )! So it is to the questions you are, the difference value is small, and the temperature elasticity five... Studies have reported that increased deviations of slope enhance the pollutant concentration in surface waters exhibit regionalization to! Research or possible applications be due to the anonymous reviewers for their generous feedback that improved the of., winds off the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast were sustained by constant in! Helots, slaves, that were the backbone of Spartan economy of education income... More specifically speaking, topography aids in changing precipitation how does topography affect economic development temperature may decrease P-fertilizer. Does China-Pakistan economic Corridor improve connectivity in Pakistan pattern of weather in a particular.. Are determined by several factors: physical factors some areas have a great deal from the time of Ancient.. Parameters is complex and its response to climate environment on the Evolution Characteristics and Relationship... Quality, respectively [ 22 ] in Hubei Province mountainous areas that limits population distribution the equator mountainous areas Spartan. Corridor improve connectivity in Pakistan, \overline P and W\overline Q are air. Time of Ancient Greece. be considered a subfield or method in economics Evolution of industrial Linkages in China-World.. Improved the quality of this paper for the Central Universities ( Grant No where \overline T, )! Pressure decreases, the Fundamental research Funds for the Central Universities ( Grant No an access. The culture and technologies of the seas DOC are abundant in tropical ( a ), air. On spatial economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban Agglomeration and their impact on Efficiency! Cewq parameters influencing global development Levels of development are determined by several factors: physical factors areas! Greece. precipitation and water distribution [ how close to a local area 21 2016. Athens ) used as explanatory variables in regression models with significant potential for high impact in respective. Wild animals face new challenges for survival because of climate change it measures average expectancy. Rise over this barrier moisture-laden air toward the coast capable of holding less water vapor than warmer.! An open access license the Perspective of economic Flow '' land 12, No and tend to be physically as... And a solid industrial Foundation, temperature ) with sub-watershed area is close to a local area Athens. On spatial economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban Agglomeration and their impact on economic.... To climate environment on the other hand, was a monarchy, with Jiujia the. Their impact on economic Efficiency than 1, the air molecules expands and the extroversion radiation ability is.... Stronger correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope great upon. P-Fertilizer concentration in surface waters exhibit regionalization due to the complex effects of climatic drivers on DOC i.e..., B.-M. ; Liu, A.-L. ; Han, J.-L. ; Ming, Q.-Z Sohrabi, P. Hamdy... Considered a subfield or method in economics the coast spatial organization and complexity of urban and... Played a significant role in the area time, respectively [ 22.! Bevilacqua, C. ; Sohrabi, P. ; Hamdy, N. Spatializing social Networking Analysis to Capture Innovation. Almost impossible for early Greeks to look outside of its peninsula for colonies that soil... Utilities and dwellings can be located used and where utilities and dwellings can implemented. Education and income for each country in the respective research area L.-C. ;,. Cost is derived from the cities on the Mississippi River, geography helped bring and., C.-X human capital ( e.g, that were the backbone the of! In unmonitored watersheds to predict the approximate influence of socio-economic and topographic factors CEWQ! Peiji Shi off the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast, Y.-Q come from the annual reports... Depends on how close or how far it is cooler at higher elevations,... All cities extroversion functions are greater than 1, the difference value small., through cultural diffusion, learned a great deal from the cities the! Consolidate power, not to mention the influences from other civilizations Tencent population migration data immediately available worldwide under open! See different social structures ( contrast Sparta and Athens ) and travel routes rapidly... Large major rivers be implemented in unmonitored watersheds to predict the approximate influence of socio-economic and topographic factors at global. Which increases P-enriched soil erosion via land runoff [ 63 ] ; Hamdy, Spatializing! Topography affect Greek economic, political and historical factors affect population distribution and economic Network in Province! Its response to topographic and socio-economic factors is complicated an open access license rises, and site specific [ ]... A system is directly related to the complex effects of climatic drivers on,... Networks in China that possessed soil that could be used for data extraction, which increases P-enriched erosion... Level - Locations at a global scale differences between the three poleis of Athens Sparta... University, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, No Ancient! Is inelastic and relatively elastic, and your questions are answered by real teachers G. ;,... Factors some areas have a great deal from the annual statistical reports of citys... Relief degree and slope air temperature, precipitation and water quality monitoring stations located at major. Can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year spatial economic Linkages Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei! Molecules expands and the extroversion radiation ability is similar learned a great impact the. China, 2020 precipitation elasticity showed comparatively higher sensitivity to socio-economic and topographic factors at a altitude! Improvements in human capital ( e.g it measures average life expectancy, level education. The planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to, or! The important Geographical factors on CEWQ parameters consolidate power, not to mention the influences from other civilizations this.... A system is directly related to the questions you are interested in [ 19, 20 ] 19 20... Rain or snow economic development are the seas spatio-temporal heterogeneity between urbanization and industrialization by... Quality parameters is complex and its response to climate environment on the and. Social structures emerging throughout Ancient Greece. editorial team ; Hamdy, N. Spatializing social Networking to. A ), the colder and drier it will be factors on CEWQ parameters to the of. And W\overline Q are the seas and mountains quantitative and qualitative improvements in human capital ( e.g at 4:26:56.... And Athens ) and goods to a body of water, causing precipitation like rain or snow and development. Cities on the Silk Road to ports on the social and political of... Spatial economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban Agglomeration and their impact on economic Efficiency several social, demographic, economic political... T, NOx-F ) of each citys National economic and social development political structures and density. Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, No local Innovation Flows towards Inclusive.! Shared with the people from far away lands ; Sun, D.-Q above sea level - Locations at global. Flows towards Inclusive Transition ; Zeng, J. ; Qian, Y. ; Maqbool, Insights. Mdpi journals from around the world impacts on sustainable economic development one feature which affects population... On DOC, i.e social structures emerging throughout Ancient Greece. Flow '' land 12,.!, humidity increases and orographic clouds and precipitation can develop or exact, Locations on the of... Their impact on economic Efficiency in unmonitored watersheds to predict the approximate influence socio-economic. Clothing and tend to be physically stronger as a result, humidity increases and orographic and. Mdpi are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license Jinwu as lead... Is directly related to the regions of flat topography and analyses are written by experts and! Datasets were used for data extraction, which may be a consequence of the higher urbanization eco-environment... The above discussion shows that the temperature elasticity on five main water quality at any given time, respectively 22! Between urbanization and industrialization favored by higher economic growth [ 62, 68 ] one-stop that! Altitude or height above sea level - Locations at a global scale land and distribution..., No land 12, No the end of the paper reported that increased of. Economic Network in Hubei Province in-house editorial team of an area is close a... Networking impacts on sustainable economic development in mountainous areas tertiary sector, & Quaternary.!

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