ferdinand ii, holy roman emperor

His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War. Dem Herzog Maximilian gab Ferdinand zum Lohn fr die ihm geleistete Hilfe die Kurfrstenwrde nebst der Oberpfalz, nachdem er Friedrich einseitig und im Widerspruch zu den Bestimmungen der Reichsverfassung seiner Wrde und seiner Lande verlustig erklrt hatte. III. Archduchess Cecilia Renata of Austria (July 16, 1611-March 24, 1644), who married her cousin Wadysaw IV Vasa, King of Poland. Ferdinand II, 1578-1637, Holy Roman emperor (1619-37), king of Bohemia (1617-37) and of Hungary (1618-37); successor of Holy Roman Emperor Matthias. [72] Instead, he adopted Ferdinand's younger brother, Leopold, who had hired 15,000 mercenaries at his request. [30] He ordered the expulsion of all Protestant pastors and teachers from Styria, Carinthia and Carniola on 13 September, emphasizing that he was the "general overseer of all ecclesiastical foundations in his hereditary lands". Die Herzge von Mecklenburg, welche dem Knig Christian IV. [16] Before leaving for his homeland, Ferdinand solemnly promised to support the university and the Jesuits. [47] The Pope appointed his nephew, Gian Francesco Aldobrandini, as the commander of the papal troops. He belonged to the House of Habsburg, a German royal family. Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II (1741-1790) Archduchess Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen (1742-1798) Archduchess Maria Elisabeth (1743-1808). [112] The Estates of all Lands of the Bohemian Crown formed a confederation on 31 July. of Habsburg, Karl Joseph of Habsburg, Maria Magdalena of Habsburg, Gregoria Maximiliane of Habsburg, Anna of Habsburg, Ferdinand of Habs a of Habsburg, Leopold Wilhelm of Habsburg, Christine of Habsburg, Karl of Habsburg, John Karl of Habsburg, Leopold Wilhelm of Habsburg, July 19 1578 - Graz, Graz, Steiermark, Austria, Feb 15 1637 - Wiener Neustadt, Niedersterreich, Austria, Karl Ii von Habsburg, Maria Anna von Bavaria, Margaret von Osterreich, Leopold V von Osterreich, Maria Anna von Habsburg, Ferdinand III von Habsburg, Leopold Oostenrijk, Maria Magdalena van Oostenrijk-Habsburg, Maria Anna Van. [96] He appointed the Catholic magnate, Zsigmond Forgch, as the new palatine. [citation needed], Tilly died in battle in 1632. Mtys utn kvetkezett a trnutdlsban. He unwillingly presided over the triumph of Protestantism in Germany. Swedish strength was greatly weakened, but France entered the war on the side of the Protestants out of fear of Habsburg domination. He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria. Ferdinands Edict of Restitution (1629), which forced Protestants to return to the Roman Catholic church all property seized since 1552, revealed to the German princes the threat of imperial absolutism. In order to muster an imperial army to continue the war, he applied to Albrecht von Wallenstein, one of the richest men in Bohemia: the latter accepted on condition that he could keep total control over the direction of the war, as well as over the booties taken during the operations. Ferdinand II decisively defeated Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, on 8 November 1620. [170], His devout Catholicism and negative view of Protestantism caused immediate turmoil in his non-Catholic subjects, especially in Bohemia. From 1590 to 1595 he was educated at the University of Ingolstadt by Jesuits whose aim was to make him a strict, rigidly Catholic ruler. [115] Gabriel Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania, made an alliance with the Bohemians and invaded Upper Hungary (mainly present-day Slovakia) in September. In addition, with the help of Spain and the league of Catholic princes of Germany, and through the victories of his generalissimo Albrecht von Wallenstein, he gained important successes over his German opponents and the king of Denmark. With his forces scoring important victories against the Protestants, Ferdinand crowned his religious policies by issuing his Edict of Restitution (1629), which was designed to restore all ecclesiastical properties which had been secularized since the Peace of Passau in 1552. He was the leading champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule during the Thirty Years' War. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 414423. [33] Due to his firm actions, no riots broke out when the leaders of the Protestant community left Graz on 29 September. Ferdinand succeeded Matthias as Holy Roman Emperor in 1619. As earlier agreed, Ferdinand succeeded him on the throne. [9] His parents asked his maternal uncle, William V, Duke of Bavaria, to oversee his education. They had seven children: In 1622, he married Eleonore of Mantua (Gonzaga) (15981655), the daughter of Duke Vincenzo I of Mantua and Eleonora de' Medici, at Innsbruck. 1622 , (1598-1665) . [23] He visited Nagykanizsa, Cetin Castle and the nearby fortresses and ordered their repair. He was the son of Archduke Charles II and is remembered for uniting Spanish kingdoms into Spain. der Kirche und ihren Dienern mit Fanatismus ergeben war und der Sieg der katholischen Religion ber die Ketzer sein hchstes Ziel gewesen ist. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (July 13, 1608 - April 2, 1657), ruled February 15, 1637 - 1657. 3. In 1600, Ferdinand married Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574-1616), daughter of Duke William V of Bavaria. [18] A burgher from Graz who had converted to Catholicism, Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg, became one of his most trusted courtiers. [87][88] The Venetians again laid siege to Gradisca in March 1617. His solution was to charge the Bohemian soldier and "military entrepreneur" Albrecht von Wallenstein with raising and commanding an Imperial army. [168][169], Ferdinand deprived the dukes of Mecklenburg from their duchies for their support to Christian IV in February 1627. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor Reign 5 January . The seven "German" electors (the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony and the Margrave of Brandenburg) chose Ferdinand II to be Holy Roman Emperor. [22][24] He named his mother regent and left Graz on 22 April 1598. Ferdinand II died in Vienna on 15 February 1637 after returning from Regensburg. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The emperor removed his Protestant rival and became king of Bohemia once more. [98][90] The Protestants principally blamed two of the four Catholic royal governors, Jaroslav Boita of Martinice and Vilm Slavata of Chlum, for the violent acts. Initially, the imperial party regained control of Bohemia soon enough. Er stammte damit aus einer Nebenlinie der Habsburger in Innersterreich (Steiermark, Krnten und Krain). Ferdinands Roman Catholic contemporaries considered him a saintlike monarch; his Protestant opponents feared him as a tyrant. Februar 1637 in Wien) war von 1619 bis 1637 Kaiser des Heiligen Rmischen Reiches. During the first decade of the Thirty Years War, Ferdinand strengthened his position by transferring the Palatinates electoral office to Maximilian of Bavaria. [citation needed]. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [19] He left unchanged the traditional system of government, appointing only Catholics to the highest offices. [114] Maximilian did not accept the candidacy and Ferdinand was unanimously elected as Emperor on 28 August. [151], Deprived of the Palatinate, Frederick V had made a new alliance with the Dutch Republic. [19] The weak position of Catholicism in Graz astonished Ferdinand, especially when he realized that only his relatives and most trusted courtiers celebrated the Eucharist during the Easter Mass. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, whose aim, as a zealous Catholic, was to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the empire and suppress Protestantism, and whose actions helped precipitate the Thirty Years' War. [89] Ignoring Klesl's advice, he convoked the Diet of Bohemia to secure Ferdinand's succession. These pieces of furniture have been reassembled from fragments, some of which may come from the imperial villa of Lucius Verus (co-emperor, A.D. 161-169), on the Via Cassia outside Rome. Free shipping for many products! Holy Roman Emperor from 1619 to 1637. empereur germanique Ferdinand II; imperatore del Sacro romano impero Ferdinand II von Innersterreich (15401590) und der Maria von Bayern (15511608) einer Tochter Albrecht V., Herzog von Bayern. [106][107] From September 1618, Pope Paul V paid a monthly subsidy to Ferdinand to contribute to the costs of the war and Philip III of Spain also promised support to him. In addition to becoming almost entirely Catholic, Bohemia would remain in Habsburg hands for nearly three hundred years. Wallensteins Nachfolger als Kommandant des Heeres wurde der ungarische Knig und sptere Kaiser Ferdinand III. [44] The Calvinist magnate Istvn Bocskai rose up against Rudolph, and most Hungarian noblemen joined him before the end of 1604. Die Zeichnung der Persnlichkeit des Kaisers in dem verbreiteten Roman Wallenstein von Alfred Dblin entfernt sich ab einem gewissen Punkt vollstndig von der historischen Wahrheit. April 1600 in Graz die Prinzessin Maria Anna von Bayern (1574-1616), Tochter des Herzog Wilhelm V. und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Renata von Lothringen. * Maria Anna (1610-1665), Kurfrstin von Bayern 1635 Kurfrst Maximilian I., Sohn Herzog Wilhelm V. von Bayern und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Renate von Lothringen * Ccilia Renata (1611-1644), Knigin von Polen 1637 Knig Wadysaw IV. A protestl rendekkel nem trdve, vgl sikerlt visszalltania terletein a katolikus tbbsget. und der Dreiigjhrige Krieg + 1.3.1 Der Prager Fenstersturz + 1.3.2 Der Winterknig + 1.3.3 Wallenstein o 1.4 Letzte Jahre und Tod * 2 Der Mensch Ferdinand * 3 Familie * 4 Berater Ferdinands * 5 Literatur * 6 Weblinks Leben [Bearbeiten]. COOMODEL SE106 1/6 Ferdinand II of Holy Roman Empire Action Figure Body Hands. [157], Ferdinand ceremoniously renewed his oath about the restoration of Catholicism in his realms on 25 March 1624. von Dnemark gegen Tilly und Wallenstein Hilfe geleistet hatten, entsetzte er ihrer Lnder und belehnte damit Wallenstein. [170] In the same month, Wallenstein occupied Mecklenburg, Pomerania and Holstein, and invaded Denmark. Given the relatively large number of Protestants within the kingdom, including many among the noble classes, the new king soon became unpopular and some dissidents participated in the ensuing Bohemian Revolt. The present state of the affaires betwixt the Emperor and King of Bohemia, and their confederates as it hath beene very truely related, by certaine letters sent by persons of extraordinary qualitie, &c. Together vvith the occurrents lately happened in the armies of . The Protestants of Upper and Lower Austria were subjected to compulsory conversion. A very pious Catholic, he especially favoured the Jesuits. Mai 1618, ein revolutionres Ereignis ungeahnter Tragweite, das hochrangige Beamte Ferdinands betraf. The different interpretation of the Letter of Majesty, which summarized the Bohemian Protestants' liberties, gave rise to an uprising, known as the Second Defenestration of Prague on 23 May 1618. Brother of Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland; Maria Christina Habsburg, Erzherzogin von sterreich-Steiermark; Kateina Renata von sterreich, Habsburg, Erzherzogin; Elisabeth von Habsburg-sterreich, Archduchess; Karl von sterreich Habsburg and 8 others; Georgiane Maximiliane Archduchess of Austria av Steyer Habsburg; Eleonore Archduchess Of av Steyer Habsburg; Maximilian Ernst Habsburg (sterreichische Linie); Margaret of Austria; Leopold V, Erzherzog von sterreich-Tirol; Archduchess Constance of Austria; Maria Magdalena von Habsburg and Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw less. Pilsener Revers (eine Ergebenheitsadresse seiner Obristen an Wallenstein) zu der Ansicht gelangt, dass dieser einen Militrputsch plane. In the wake of these Catholic military successes, in 1629 Ferdinand issued the Edict of Restitution, by which all the lands stripped from Catholics after the Peace of Passau of 1552 would be returned. [64] According to the Treaty of Lieben, Rudolph retained most Lands of the Bohemian Crown and the title of Holy Roman Emperor, but had to renounce Hungary, Lower and Upper Austria and Moravia in favor of Matthias. Despite Wallenstein's fall, the imperial forces recaptured Regensburg and were victorious in the Battle of Nrdlingen (1634). [37] He claimed that the unlawful prosecution of Catholics had forced him to adopt strict measures, adding that the Holy Spirit had inspired his acts. [21] He was first officially installed as ruler in Styria in December. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). [154], The chief minister of Louis XIII of France, Cardinal Richelieu, started to forge an alliance against the Habsburgs in 1624. [97] Royal officials arrested Protestant burghers who wanted to build a church in Broumov and destroyed a newly built church in Hrob. [75], Matthias was elected Holy Roman Emperor only months after Rudolph II died on 20 June 1612. Ferdinand was born on March 10, 1503, in Alcal de Henares, Spain. Aided by Maximilian I, duke of Bavaria, his troops annihilated the rebel army on the White Mountain, near Prague, on November 8, 1620. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 10. Lnder und Untertanen des Hauses Habsburg im konfessionellen Zeitalter. (Louis's father Henry IV of France had once been a Huguenot leader.) Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II - 1619-1637 Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 - 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619-1637), King of Bohemia (1617-1619, 1620-1637), and King of Hungary (1618-1625). Embarrassed as well as offended, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1619-1637) retaliated with a military expedition, which started a long and protracted conflict, called the Thirty Years' War. Made King of Hungary in 1625, King of Bohemia in 1627, and King of the Romans in 1636. Jedoch wurde Wallensteins Position am Hof durch Gegner, zu denen insbesondere der spanische Botschafter, der Hofkriegsratsprsident Heinrich Graf Schlick und bhmische Adelige gehrten, in den folgenden Jahren untergraben. [64] Both brothers were forced to confirm the privileges of the Estates in their realms, including religious freedom. [73] They decided to support Matthias's election as King of the Romans (which could have secured his right to succeed Rudolph II), but the three ecclesiastical electors opposed the plan because of Matthias's concessions to the Protestants in Hungary, Austria and Bohemia. Ferdinand II. He shared the same name, birthday and customs with his maternal grandfather Ferdinand II of Aragon. His heart was interred in the Herzgruft (heart crypt) of the Augustinian Church, Vienna. - . Auch dort versuchte er die Gegenreformation mit voller Hrte durchzusetzen und wurde damit einer der Auslser des Dreiigjhrigen Krieges, in dem er anfangs mit Hilfe seiner Feldherren Wallenstein und Tilly sehr erfolgreich war. Sodan laajetessa siihen liittyi vallanhaluisten ruhtinaiden ja maiden, etenkin Ruotsin ja Ranskan, pyrkimys rajoittaa Habsburg-suvun hallitseman keisarikunnan valtaa. [106][111] Since only 300 soldiers were staying in the town, Ferdinand sent envoys to his commander at Krems, Henri Dampierre and entered into negotiations with the Upper Austrian Protestants about their demands. [129] The Diet of Hungary dethroned Ferdinand and elected Bethlen king on 23 August. [11] Ferdinand and his maternal cousin, Maximilian I, were the only future European rulers to have pursued university studies in the late 16th century. Februar 1637 in Wien) aus dem Haus Habsburg war ab 1617 mit einer Unterbrechung 1619/20 Knig von Bhmen sowie ab 1618 Knig von Ungarn, Knig von Kroatien und ab 1619 Kaiser des Heiligen Rmischen Reiches. Aside from ruling the Holy Roman Empire, he was also the Archduke of Austria, King of Germany, King of Bohemia, and King of Hungary and Croatia. & R.H. Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria; Cecilia Renata of Austria and 1 other; and Leopold Wilhelm von sterreich-Habsburg, Erzherzog, landvoogden van de Nederlanden less [71] Ferdinand and other imperial princes came to Prague to meet with the Emperor on 1 May 1610. Mai 2010 um 19:35 Uhr gendert. "[65] He requested the scholar Caspar Schoppe, whom he had met at the Imperial Diet, to elaborate a detailed plan for an alliance of the Catholic monarchs. [citation needed], Ferdinand died in 1637, leaving to his son Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, an empire still engulfed in a war and whose fortunes seemed to be increasingly chaotic. Reformationpatent von Ferdinand II, mit dem er 1924 die Ausweisung aller evangelischer Prediger und Schulmeister verfgte. A good-natured, benevolent, affable monarch, he was imbued with the belief in the splendour of the imperial crown and the greatness of his dynasty. Ennek a rendeletnek sokan estek ldozatul, mg e tartomnyok tehets protestns polgrai elhagytk Ferdinnd birtokait. [14] His religiosity was reinforced during his studies:[15] he did not miss the Masses on Sundays and feast days, and made pilgrimages to Bavarian shrines. , Ferdinand succeeded him on the side of the Palatinate, Frederick V at the top of the papal.. Were victorious in the Battle of Nrdlingen ( 1634 ) royal family maternal uncle, William V, Duke Bavaria. 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